1. AFRICA BEFORE THE SCRAMBLE 1750-1870

2. SOUTH AFRICA Who are the ZULU? Who is Shaka? What was the result of ZULU? Powerful, feared tribe Leader of Zulu, military drills for regiments… excellent spearsmen Raids and kidnappings Lesotho – protection from Zulu

3. WEST AFRICA Why did the SOKOTO Caliphate start? Who started the SOKOTO Why is Sokoto important? Islam groups unhappy w. old pagan African traditions that some Islam Kings allowed Hausa people in Nigeria (the Fulani) under Osuman Most important area in West Africa – center of learning

4. EGYPT Why did Egypt want to modernize? Who led the movement? How did the British occupy Egypt? So they would never deal w. European invasion again Muhammad Ali (used W. ideas: school, military, technology Ismail (Ali Grandson) brought more Europe advisors – more debt… partial occupation

5. ETHIOPIA & ALGERIA Who is Menelik? How did France and Algeria get into conflict? What was the result? Christian Ethiopian leader…led modernization movements France owed Algeria for grain…and “fly whisk” incident – 3 yrs later: F. attacks for it 18 years of fighting; massacres, destruction

6. ECONOMY How did Slavery end?British spent millions to end it Gold Coast patrols Took over Sierra Leone to fight it on land BUT it just moved to new areas

7. ECONOMY What was the new legitimate trade? What is the expression “Dr. Livingston, I presume” mean? Palm oil (soap, candles, lubricants for machines) Missionary Livingstone explores central Africa – missing…Stanley sent out – explores Congo