1. 1. Participial 2. Gerund 3. Infinitive 4. Appositive 5. Prepositions
Grammar Exercise 6
1. Participial
2. Gerund
3. Infinitive
4. Appositive
5. Prepositions

2. V. + ing or V→ Past tense = Adjective
Participial
V. + ing or
V→ Past tense = Adjective

3. Example for Participial
1.The car sliding out of control will hit the window
Sliding modifies the Car
2. Alex fell down the broken staircase
Broken describes staircase

4. Gerund
V.+ing = Noun

5. Baking = an activity Sharon loves to do
Example for Gerund
Sharon loves baking
Bake = a verb
Baking = an activity Sharon loves to do

6. 2. You can use it as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
Infinitives
To + Verb = Infinitives
1. An infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end.
2. You can use it as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

7. Example of Infinitives
To mess around with Sharon is Tiffany's hobby
Mess around= Verb
To mess around = Tiffany's hobby

8. Exceptions for Infinitives
Special verb + direct object + infinitive – to
Special verb: feel, hear. help, let, make, see, and watch

9. Example of Special Case
When Mai heard the alarm clock buzz, she slapped the snooze button and continued her dream
Heard: Special Verb
Alarm Clock: Direct Object
Buzz: To buzz – to (infinitive - to)

10. To split or not
Case1:Sara hopes to quickly finish her chemistry homework.(Formal)
Case2: Sara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly. (Informal)

11. Appostive 1. Elaboration
2. A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it

12. Example of Appositive 1. Ms. Lam, a teacher, is coming
2. Ms. Lam, a teacher from UK, is coming
3. Ms. Lam, a teacher with short hair from UK, is coming

13. Punctuate the appositive correctly
Nonessential appositive is always separated from rest of the sentence with comma(s)
1. appositives begins the sentence
2. appositives interrupts the sentence
3. appositives ends the sentence

14. Prepositions are words that indicate locations or location in time

15. Examples of preposition
1. Indicate location: Sharon is lying in her bed.
2. Indicating location in time: At midnight, Mai sneaked to kitchen and drank a cup of tea.

16. Prepositional Phrase
Formula: Preposition + optional modifiers + nouns, pronoun, gerund
Example: Under the stove, Sharon hid a jar of cookies
Under= preposition
The= modifier
Stove= noun

17. Subordinate Conjunctions
Subordinate Conjunction: Subject + Verb
Special Preposition: after, as, before, since, until
Example: Before Tiffany goes to sleep, she pets her stuffed animals.
Before: Preposition
Tiffany: Subject
Goes: Verb
To sleep: Infinitive