1. Question of the day: How would YOU answer this question:
Generally speaking people are…
Responsible and resilient
Fragile and in need of assistance
In need of strong leaders

2. Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
Chapters:
7.4
10.2
Benchmark 2:
1. (K) explains essential concepts from the Scientific Revolution (e.g., the Heliocentric Theory; Natural Law; scientific method).
2.▲(K) explains essential concepts from the Enlightenment that represented a turning point in intellectual history (e.g., ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Enlightened despotism, salons).

3. What is the "Enlightenment?”
Philosophical movement inspired by the concept of “reason”
What is “reason”?
Dictionary= “rational motive for a belief or action”
NOT a single school of thought
It’s more a set of values.
At the core, it’s a questioning of traditional ideas and a strong belief in rationality and science.

4. Salons- Review from Salon Musings
When?
1600s
Where?
France
England
What?
Meeting places of writers and artists
Fashionable places of rich French

5. Salons- Review from Salon Musings
Who?
Madame de Rambouillet
“Bluestockings”
Men in London, men and women in France
How?
Salons are social clubs, London coffee houses are business gatherings
Why?
Salons are important in history because they are the great meeting places of Enlightenment thinkers and ideas

6. Important Enlightenment Thinkers
Locke
Hobbes
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau

7. John Locke English philosopher Two Important Essays:
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Every person is born with a “tabula rasa”
People are shaped by their experiences and environments
Two Treatises of Government
The state (gov’t) exists to preserve the natural rights of its citizens
When the state fails to do so, the people have the right to rebel.
Use example of Social Security—some in the generation older believe the gov’t has betrayed their “contract” with the people to provide money for retirement b/c the money will be gone—and they are still paying into it
OR what if your parents promised you concert tickets to lady gaga for getting straight A’s…but you find out that the concert is sold out---your contract is void and you don’t have to earn straight “a”s

8. John Locke 3 Natural Rights
Life: everyone is entitled to live once they are created.
Liberty: everyone is entitled to do anything they want to so long as it doesn't conflict with the first right.
Estate: everyone is entitled to own all they create or gain so long as it doesn't conflict with the first two rights

9. Thomas Hobbes English philosopher Important book: Leviathan
Coined “state of nature”- men were constantly battling each other
UNTIL…
A government was established
The people and the gov’t operate under a “social contract”
Theory says man gives up some rights/power in return for the protection offered by the gov’t
Gov’t agrees to protect the people in return for the power the people give it

10. Thomas Hobbes Essential Natural Right
Life- man can use power to ensure the preservation of his own life

11. Word Walls That Teach! Each table is assigned 2 terms from lecture
Your job…
Front of Paper
Under the printed word, draw a colorful “hint” picture for the word
Back of Paper
Define the word in 15 words or less
Put team members names

12. Words Assignments Group # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Words
Enlightenment Social Contract 2
Salon State of Nature 3
Locke Natural Rights 4
Hobbes Tabula Rasa 5
Tabula Rasa Hobbes 6
Natural Rights Locke 7
State of Nature Salon 8
Social Contract Enlightenment

13. What do you know about the situation in Libya?

14. Salon Musings: Power to the People?
Philosopher’s Perspectives
What would each philosopher say about the people having power in gov’t?
Research Modern Day Perspective
Watch CNN Student News Clip
Read Transcript
Modern Day Perspective
For each philosopher, relate the theory to the situation in Libya
Summary
Which philosopher's stance on the initial question do you feel is the best fit for the situation in Libya? Explain.
1:14

15. Voltaire French Philosopher and Writer
“I don’t care what you have to say, but please use your right to say it!”
Voltaire
French Philosopher and Writer
Advocate for religious toleration
Famous Book:
Treatise on Toleration
“All men are brothers under God”
Championed “deism”
Universe is like a clock
God= mechanic
Mechanic created the universe, set it in motion, and allowed it to run w/o interference according to natural laws

16. Montesquieu French philosopher Famous book: Governments
Spirit of the Laws
Three types of Government
Governments
Republic
Small states
Despotism
Large states
Monarchies
Middle-sized states

17. Montesquieu
Gave a name to the branches of the British constitutional monarchy
Executive= King/Queen
Legislative= Parliament
Judicial= Courts of Law
Government operates best with a “separation of power” and with a system of “checks and balances”

18. S.S.2: Monday, March 14th On your desk:
Enlightenment notes (Ch. 7 and 10)
Question of the day:
Where is there sexism in the contemporary world, if anywhere?

19. Mary Wollstonecraft Girl power!
Founder of women’s rights for Europeans and Americans
Argued women were rational AND capable
Famous book:
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
ID two problems with European thinkers:
1)those who argued men should rule women also argued against gov’t based on the power of kings
2) Women are rational—they are entitled to equal rights
Where is there sexism in the contemporary world, if anywhere? Talk about pink collar jobs---decreasing wages---the glass ceiling

20. Rousseau Most famous of philosophes in the 1760s
In Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind:
Argued people formed gov’t/laws
to protect private property-BUT
gov’t enslaves them
In Social Contract:
Presented the idea of social contract
Social contract =society agrees to be governed by general will (what’s best for society)
Later Enlighenment 1760s

21. Men are just naturally better!
Rousseau
In Emile, he argues education should
nurture, NOT restrict children’s natural instincts
Believed emotions are important to human development
What did the critics say?
They criticized him for not
practicing what he preached
His children were sent to orphanages
Believed women naturally
subservient to men

22. Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education?
Philosopher’s Perspectives
What would each philosopher say about the purpose of education?
Research Primary Documents:
Wollstonecraft, In her own words:
Write down the following points about Wollstonecraft’s perspective. Support each stance by writing down a quote from the document under each in the area provided on the W.S.
Women are as rational as men
Other thinkers should believe women are equal because they argue against brutal oppressors (kings)
Women should have rights in education, economic, and political life

23. Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education?
Philosopher’s Perspectives
What would each philosopher say about the purpose of education?
Research Primary Documents:
Rousseau, in his own words:
Write down the following points about Wollstonecraft’s perspective. Support each stance by writing down a quote from the document under each in the area provided on the W.S.
Emotions are important to human development
You need to learn skills, practical knowledge, for your adult life
Children (who will be men) should be free to learn from experiences

24. Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education?
Modern Day Perspective
For each philosopher, relate the theory to the situation in our public schools. Who is more responsible for education—teachers or parents?
Summary
Which philosopher's stance on the initial question do you feel is the best fit for the situation with education today?

25. Wednesday, March 16th: Tuesday, March 16th
On your desk:
Enlightenment notes (Ch. 7 and 10)
Perspectives Packet: Rousseau v. Wollstonecraft
Question of the day:
Are public schools working? If not, what can be done to fix public schools? Who is to blame (students, parents, or teachers)?

26. Exit ticket:
What contemporary approach to punishing criminals has its roots in the Enlightenment social reform movements?

27. Adam Smith Scottish Famous Work Wealth of Nations
Government needs to stay out of business
Laissez-faire
Government has 3 roles:
Protection from invasion
Defense of citizens
Keeping up public works
Government should be limited to enforcing contracts, granting patents and copyrights to encourage new ideas.

28. Adam Smith
If left alone, the economy would be guided by an “invisible hand”
The “hand” works through:
Self-Interest
Competition
Supply and Demand
Was concerning with people’s morality when it came to money
What would people be willing to give up/ sacrifice to have more things?
p. 18 Econ book: introduced the idea that the DOL led to the great prosperity of Britain
Defined the wealth of a nation as the sum of the goods produced by its people
--wanted to be a philosopher

30. Salon Musings: Friend Finder
Number off 1-7
Locke
Hobbes
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
Smith
Complete Part 1 on your worksheet

31. Salon Musings: Speed “Friending Rounds
There are 5 rounds, each with a topic question you must answer in a salon
You will have 30 sec. to compose a 7 person salon (each figure must be present)
Each round lasts 5 min., so share your ideas quickly
Write what each figure has to say in their designated box
You must explain WHY they think that way!
At the end of each round you will have 1 min. to complete the Can we be friends? box

32. The Enlightenment Through Song Part 1
Complete Part 1 of your worksheet
You will hear 3 songs
You have the lyrics at your table
As a group, discuss which of the 7 philosophers the song fits
Give specific lyric evidence to support your claim

33. Word Walls That Teach! Each table is assigned 1 term from lecture
Your job…
Front of Paper
Print the word in LARGE print
Draw a colorful “hint” picture
Back of Paper
Define the word in 15 words or less
Put your name

34. Words and Table Assignments
Group #
Words 1
Wollstonecraft 2
Rousseau 3
Adam Smith 4
Invisible Hand 5
Laissez-faire 6
morality 7 8
moralitiy

35. Enlightenment Through Song: Part ONE
Read the instructions for part one.
Using your notes and book, you will write down facts about each philosophe in the space provided.
You will have 15 minutes.

36. Enlightenment Through Song Part 2
You will hear 4 songs
You have the lyrics at your table
As a group, discuss which of the 7 philosophers the song fits
Give specific lyric evidence to support your claim

37. Enlightenment Through Song
Three Ring Government-School House Rock
Born Free-Andy Williams
Let it Be-The Beatles
Another Brick in the Wall-
Pink Floyd
Highway to H***-ACDC
Think-Aretha Franklin
The Fear-Lily Allen