1. Writing Effectively Sentences and Paragraphs

2. Clauses Independent Clause – Can stand alone as a complete, simple sentence. Subordinate Clause – Contains a subject and a verb, but does not express a complete thought. CANNOT STAND ALONE AS A COMPLETE SENTENCE

3. Types of Sentences Simple Sentence: contains one independent clause and no subordinate clauses 1 Ind. Clause + 0 Sub. Clauses Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses 2 or more Ind. Clauses + 0 Sub. Clauses

4. Types of Sentences Complex Sentence: Contains one Independent Clause and at least one Subordinate Clause 1 Ind. Clause + 1 or more Sub. Clauses Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains two or more Independent Clauses and at least one Subordinate Clause 2 or more Ind. Clause + 1 or more Sub. Clauses

5. Complete Sentences Elements of a Complete Sentence Has a Subject Has a Verb (predicate) Expresses a complete thought Examples: Trees help absorb excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere I love reading class.

6. What’s a Fragment? Sentence Fragment: a word group that has been capitalized and punctuated as if it were a complete sentence, but is missing elements to a sentence Examples Love reading class. I enjoy.

7. How to Revise Fragments Add a subject or a verb Love reading class. (Fragment) I love reading class. (Sentence) I enjoy. (Fragment) I enjoy going to concerts. (Sentence)

8. Run-On Sentences Run-on Sentence: Two complete sentences punctuated like one sentence. Example: Researchers have created a “virtual frog” it will allow students to see the inside of a frog on the computer. (Run-on) Researchers have created a “virtual frog.” It will allow students to see the inside of a frog on the computer. (Correct)

9. Methods of Revising Run-ons Make 2 complete sentences Use a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or Use a semi-colon

10. Other Problems with Sentences Short, Choppy sentences – Look to combine short, choppy sentences so your sentence length is varied Ways to combine sentences: Insert connecting words Insert phrases Using subordinate clauses