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Skeletal Muscles of the Head, Neck, Trunk, Arm and Leg
CHAPTER 6 The Muscular System Skeletal Muscles of the Head, Neck, Trunk, Arm and Leg STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST ON FRIDAY FEB. 10, 2012
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Head and Neck Muscles Facial Muscles Chewing Muscles Neck muscles
Frontalis—raises eyebrows Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, Orbicularis oris —closes mouth and protrudes the lips Buccinator —flattens the cheek, chews Zygomaticus —raises corners of the mouth – smile Occipitalis – stabilize the frontalis Chewing Muscles Masseter —closes the jaw and elevates mandible Temporalis —synergist , of the masseter, closes jaw Neck muscles Platysma —pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly, lower jaw Sternocleidomastoid —flexes the neck, rotates the head, turn ear to chest
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Cranial aponeurosis Frontalis Temporalis Orbicularis oculi Occipitalis
Zygomaticus Buccinator Masseter Orbicularis oris Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Platysma Figure 6.16
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Anterior muscles of the chest Pectoralis major—adducts and flexes the humerus Intercostal muscles – Aid in breathing – not shown in picture – muscle in between the ribs Muscles of the abdominal girdle Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column External oblique—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally
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Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachio- radialis
Figure 6.17a
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Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis External oblique (b) Serratus
Anterior Rectus abdominis Linea Alba External oblique (b) Figure 6.17b
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Posterior muscles of the back Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the humerus Erector spinae—back extension – not seen in picture Serratus Anterior – rotates scapula
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Trapezius Deltoid Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi (a) Figure 6.18a
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Muscles of the Arm Biceps brachii - flexes elbow
Brachialis—elbow flexion Brachioradialis—elbow flexion Triceps brachii—elbow extension Deltoid – abducts the arm
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Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachio- radialis
Figure 6.17a
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Muscles of the Posterior Lower Limb
Muscles causing movement at the hip joint include: Gluteus maximus—hip extension Gluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis when walking Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Hamstring group—thigh extension and knee flexion Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
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Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Iliotibial tract (IT Band) Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Hamstring group Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius (a) Figure 6.20a
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Muscles of the Anterior Lower Limb
Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Sartorius—flexes the thigh Quadriceps group—extends the knee Rectus femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius (internal – not seen) Gracilis – adducts the thigh
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Sartorius Rectus femoris Gracilis Vastus lateralis Quadriceps Vastus medialis (c) Figure 6.20c
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
ANTERIOR Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion Soleus—plantar flexion POSTERIOR Gastrocnemius – plantar flexion
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Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Soleus Soleus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon anterior posterior
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Figure 6.22 Facial • Frontalis Facial • Orbicularis oculi • Temporalis
• Zygomaticus • Masseter • Orbicularis oris Neck Shoulder • Platysma • Trapezius • Sternocleidomastoid Thorax • Deltoid • Pectoralis major Arm • Serratus anterior • Triceps brachii • Biceps brachii • Intercostals • Brachialis Abdomen • Rectus abdominis Forearm • External oblique • Brachioradialis Pelvis/thigh Thigh • Sartorius Thigh (Quadriceps) • Rectus femoris • Gracilis • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis • Gastrocnemius • Tibialis anterior • Soleus Figure 6.22
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Figure 6.23 Neck • Occipitalis • Sternocleidomastoid • Trapezius
Shoulder/Back • Deltoid Arm • Triceps brachii • Brachialis • Latissimus dorsi Forearm • Brachioradialis Hip • Gluteus medius • Gluteus maximus lliotibial tract • Hamstrings: Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Leg • Gastrocnemius • Soleus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Figure 6.23
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