1. CHOICE AND CHANGE The Psychology of Personal Growth and Interpersonal Relationships, 7 th ed. by April O’Connell, Vincent O’Connell, and Lois-Ann Kuntz Chapter 7 THE COLLEGE EXPERIENCE TODAY Personality Types ISBN: 0-13-189170-7 Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved PowerPoint Slide Set, Version 1.0 by April O’Connell and Lois-Ann Kuntz for

2. T PERSONALITY “TYPE” The assumptions underlying Type psychology are as follows: Children come into this world as basic personality “Types” “Type” psychology leans heavily toward the nature side of the nature/nurture issue. Our personal style derives from four different personality dimensions: Our orientation: Whether we are Extroverted (E) or introverted (I). How we come to our view of reality: With our five senses (S) or intuitively (N). How we evaluate events: By Thinking logically (T) or by our gut Feelings (F). How quickly we act: By Judging (J) (fast action) or by Perceiving (P) (slow and deliberately). The values of Type psychology are as follows: There is no bad or abnormal Type. It provides insight into ourselves and others. It is helpful in choosing a life mate. It is useful in making a decision about career choice. It is very valuable for improving communication. Special notation: It should be understood that we have all of the eight functions or we couldn’t survive. Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. TRAVEL AGENT Extroverts are turned outward toward the world where they gain their energy and joy from interacting with other people. Strengths of the Extroverted Type They are very sociable and easy to get along with They make friends very easily They like having a lot of casual friends They are “party animals” and make good hosts They work well in committees and other kinds of teams They do well in jobs where they work with others They enjoy being a “friend in need” When depressed, they seek out other people Limitations of the Extroverted Type Tends to be more conforming May decide an issue by opinion of others Sometimes unsure of what they believe Other factors concerning Extroverts Americans have a much higher percentage of Extroverts than Introverts THE EXTROVERTED PERSONALITY STYLE TRAVEL AGENT Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

4. TRAVEL AGENT Introverts are oriented toward their inner thoughts and feelings from which they gain their energy. Strengths of the Introverted Type They need some private moments each day They prefer having a few intimate friends They are independent in their thinking They are less apt to cave in to pressure, can even be a “minority of one” They are able to work long stretches alone They are more able to act from their “center” They are less taken in by outward facade Limitations of the Introverted Type When working, they dislike interruptions and it may be difficult for them to be a team player Because they guard their private thoughts, they may sometimes seem unfeeling and inhospitable Other factors concerning Introverts It may take considerable effort to establish a close or intimate relationship with them. THE INTROVERTED PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

5. TRAVEL AGENT Sensors depend on their five physical senses for their view of reality. Strengths of the Sensing Type They have a good grasp of the physical world They are practical, down-to-earth, inventive They are good at remembering faces and places They are able to judge length, height, size easily When working on projects, they attend to details They prefer the “tried and true” to “new-fangled” ideas They make good draftsmen, trouble shooters, mechanics lab workers, athletes, construction workers They have good maps in their head and can drive to a place they’ve been to only once years before Limitations of the Sensing Type They distrust new ideas and concepts They are slow to try out “better ways of doing things” Their focus on details may result in losing the “big picture” How they view Intuitive Types They’re “spacey” and have their heads in the clouds They don’t have any evidence for their new-fangled ideas THE SENSING PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

6. TRAVEL AGENT Intuitives depend on their intuition for their view of reality. Strengths of the Intuiting Type They are imaginative and come up with new ideas When a problem seems unsolvable, they can come up with a completely novel solution They prefer to work on the “big picture” They are independent in thought and actions They are always looking to make things better Often found among composers, writers, scientists, and mathematicians Limitations of the Intuitive Type They are unable to say how they derived their ideas Their ideas are not always right and can even be a bit “looney” As they are not good on details, they leave them to others They are absent-minded: lose possessions, forget appointments How they view the Sensing Type They prefer the ‘what is’ and not look for ‘what could be’ They stick to “old-fogey” ideas THE INTUITIVE PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

7. TRAVEL AGENT Thinking Types evaluate situations with reason and logic. Strengths of strong Thinkers: Their approach to life situations is careful and thoughtful They utilize facts and develop models and theories In critical situations, they remain calm In making decisions, they weigh the pros and cons They are concerned with organization and principles In decision-making, they are objective and precise Often found among judges, research scientists, system analysts, computer and software designers Limitations of the Thinking Type They depend on facts but all the facts are never known In their emphasis on justice, they may overlook mercy Others may view them as fair but unfeeling How they view Feeling Types Too emotional, (Thinkers dislike emotional scenes) Feelers are a soft touch for other people’s problems and con artists THE THINKING PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

8. TRAVEL AGENT The Feeling Type evaluates situations on the basis of their “gut feelings.” Strengths of the Feeling Type They can sense what other people are feeling even when the people themselves don’t know They have a soft shoulder and a ready ear They are generally kindly and understanding They would rather be empathetic than just They are spontaneous and fun-loving Because they like people, they make good grade school teachers, health care workers, counselors, and receptionists. Limitations of the Feeling Type Sometimes their emotions run them They often fall for a “sob story” and people take advantage of them How they view the Thinking Type They are so busy being just, they forget to be kind THE FEELING PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

9. TRAVEL AGENT The Judging Type makes decisions quickly and acts fast. Strengths of the Judging Type They like structure and control They are productive They set deadlines for themselves and meet them They can size up situations in a flash They see what needs to be done and do it They can respond swiftly in emergencies Quick judgment and decisive action is needed for paratroopers, police work, surgical staff, rescue and fire teams, and air-traffic controllers Limitations of the Judging Type They sometimes leap before they look They need to listen more to other opinions How they view they view the Perceiving Type They can never make up their mind They take too long to do something THE JUDGING PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

10. TRAVEL AGENT The Perceiving Type prefers to take time before decision-making or acting. Strengths of the Perceiving Type They like to consider all angles before decision-making They want to keep their options open Even after a decision, they are receptive to new ideas They prefer spontaneity to organized plans They are thoughtful and like to mull things over They listen to what others have to say Perceiving is a necessary attribute for people in occupations that require input from many areas, and slow, deliberate decision-making: plastic surgeons, hairdressers, surveyors, architects, city planners Limitations of the Perceiving Type Procrastinate: May make a decision by indecision Others may get impatient waiting for them to make a decision or take action How Perceiving Types view Judgers Too rash and too brash They rush me THE PERCEIVING PERSONALITY STYLE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved