1. July 7, 2011 By A.V. Vedpuriswar

2. Why awareness of personality type is important People who know themselves and the others around are at an advantage. They learn how to take decisions in different situations. They understand people better. They know which areas to focus on in order to develop their personality. They know how to get the best out of the team. They know when to seek help. 2

3. Personality type Every person has his or her own preferred ways of acting and thinking. They can be deduced from their personality profile. When we talk about a preference in one pair of dichotomies, this is not meant as a value judgment. Both poles are important, even if we find one side easier to deal with. 3

4. Caution: Word Usage Words used to describe preferences in psychology do not mean the same thing as they do in everyday life. »Extravert does not mean talkative or loud. »Introvert does not mean shy or inhibited. »Feeling does mean emotional. »Judging does not mean judgmental. »Perceiving does not mean perceptive.

5. Personality Dichotomies The personality dichotomies relate to the following questions: Where do I get my energy, where do I prefer to focus my attention – outward or inward? How do I prefer to perceive the world around me, how do I assimilate information – by paying attention to detail or by looking at the big picture? How do I prefer to base my decisions – my thoughts or my feelings? How do I prefer to interact with the outer world, by being ordered and structured or flexible and spontaneous? 5

6. The Four Dichotomies Extraversion – Introversion E - I Dichotomy Where do I prefer to focus my attention – and get your energy? Sensing – Intuition S - N Dichotomy How do I prefer to take in information? Thinking – Feeling T - F Dichotomy How do I make decisions? Judging – Perceiving J - P Dichotomy How do I deal with the outer world?

7. Pairs of dichotomies 7 Extraversion  Find contact easy  Actively communicative  Energy from outer world Introversion  Rather reserved  Consider / reflect  Energy from inner world Sensing  Gather details  Enquire about facts  Rely on experience INtuition  Create a big picture  Theories / abstraction  Build upon creativity Cont….

8. Pairs of dichotomies ( Contd) 8 Thinking  Logical, analytical  Compare alternatives  Guided by tasks Feeling  Sympathetic, empathetic  Take values into account  Guided by people Judging  Systematic, planning  Avoid time pressure  Appreciate schedules Perceiving  Keep options open  Energised by last-minute rush  Spontaneous, flexible

9. E – I Dichotomy: Source of Energy Most people who prefer Extraversion »Prefer action to reflection »Are attuned to external world »Like to communicate by talking »Learn best through doing or discussing »Are sociable and expressive »Enjoy working in groups Most people who prefer Introversion »Prefer reflection to action »Are attuned to inner world »Like to communicate in writing »Learn best through mental practice and reflection »Are private and contained »Enjoy working alone or in pairs

10. 10 Some Key Words Associated With E/I Extraversion Action oriented Outward People Interaction Many Expressive Do-Think-Do Introversion Reflective Inward Privacy Concentration Few Quiet Think-Do-Think

11. S – N Dichotomy: Assimilating Information Most people who prefer Sensing »Emphasize the pragmatic »Prefer facts & details/ specific information »Are oriented to present realities »Value realism »Use their 5 senses »Move carefully and thoroughly to conclusions »Trust experience Most people who prefer Intuition »Emphasize the theoretical »Prefer general concepts/ high- level plans »Look at future possibilities »Value imagination »Use a “sixth” sense »Move quickly to conclusions, follow hunches »Trust inspiration

12. 12 Some Key Words Associated With Sensing Facts Realistic Specific Present Keep Practical What is iNtuition Ideas Imaginative General Future Change Theoretical What could be

13. T – F Dichotomy: Decision Making Most people who prefer Thinking »Are analytical »Use cause-effect reasoning »Solve problems with logic »Strive for objective standard of truth »Are described as reasonable »Search for flaws in an argument »Want everyone treated equally Most people who prefer Feeling »Are empathetic »Are guided by personal values »Assess impact on people »Strive for harmony and positive interactions »Are described as compassionate »Search for point of agreement in an argument »Want everyone treated as an individual

14. 14 Some Key Words Associated With Thinking Head Distant Things Objective Criticize Analyze Firm but Fair Feeling Heart Personal People Subjective Praise Understand Merciful

15. J – P Dichotomy: Lifestyle Most people who prefer Judging »Are scheduled/organized »Strive to finish one project before starting another »Like to have things decided »Try to avoid last-minute stresses; »Finish tasks well before deadline »Try to limit surprises »See routines as effective Most people who prefer Perceiving »Are spontaneous/flexible »Start many projects but may have trouble finishing them »Like things loose, open »Feel energized by last-minute pressures; »Finish tasks at the deadline »Enjoy surprises »See routines as limiting

16. 16 Some Key Words Associated With Judging Organized Decision Control Now Closure Deliberate Plan Perceiving Flexible Information Experience Later Options Spontaneous Wait

17. Personality type and preferred communication style Cont…. 17 Extraversion  energetic; inspiring; quick to respond,  seek out opportunities for personal communication Introversion  more inspired by themselves; think before acting  prefer one-to-one meetings and written communication Sensing  Require informative facts, look for a practical reference for information  structured in conversations; stick to the agenda in meetings INntuition  form generalizations; want to think ahead to the future  indirect approach; view the agenda as a starting point

18. Personality type and preferred working style (1) 18 Cont…. Extraversion  are actively involved; lose patience quickly; take an interest in others  act (too) quickly; enjoy working with others Introversion  prefer to be in quiet surroundings in order to concentrate on work that requires perseverance  interested in facts, need time to think before they act; work alone or in a small team Sensing  go by experience; standard solutions; pragmatic; attention to detail  happy to build upon existing knowledge; plan time well INntuition  like complex material and challenges; prone to missing facts  value innovation; have overview; follow inspiration spontaneously

19. Personality type and preferred working style (2) 19 Cont…. Thinking  logical and analytical; tend to be more focused on the tasks than on people  decide impersonally; able to cope with criticism; seek recognition Feeling  guided by values; work together harmoniously,  appreciative, sympathetic; show consideration for people Judging  organizing, diligent at planning; focused on targets;  strive for structures and time schedules; work with lists Perceiving  happy to involve others; adaptable  open to new experiences; feel constricted by structures

20. Personality type and Holding meetings 20 STSF Managerial Style:  effective organizer  hands-on approach Won over by  facts and objective answers to questions Managerial Style:  friendly person to talk to  guided by your needs Won over by  showing him arguments for the benefits NTNF Managerial Style:  conceptual planner  guided by what is possible Won over by  showing theoretical background and competence Managerial Style:  team player  geared towards motivation Won over by  approaching at the relationship level

21. | ©2009, Cognizant Technology SolutionsConfidential Leveraging team diversity for effective problem solving 21 Perceiving level Sensing (S) S-type analyses the situation by gathering data and facts Intuition (N) N-type looks for possible solutions and uses imagination Decision - making level Thinking (T) T-type analyses the options logically Feeling (F) F-Type considers the people implications of the options

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