1. W OUND C ARE AND HOW TO STOP BLEEDING Prepared by : Salwa Maghrabi

2. O UTLINES 1. How blood clot 2. Type of wound 3. Care of wound : No object embedded. An object embedded. 4. Implement. 5. Amputation. 6. Crush injury : Less than 15 minutes More than 15 minutes 7. Cut and abrasions.

3. O UTLINES C ONT ’ 8. Foreign object in a cut. 9. Bruising. 10. Infected wound. 11. Scalp and head wound. 12. Eye wound. 13. Bleeding from the ear. 14. Nose bleeding. 15. Bleeding from the mouth. 16. Knocked – out tooth. 17. Wound to the palm. 18. Abdominal wound. 19. Vaginal bleeding. 20. Bleeding varicose vein.

4. H OW B LOOD C LOTS 1 Blood vessels constricts 2 Injured tissue cell + platelet = fibrin 3 Fibrin comes together to form mash, which traps blood cells to make a blood clot. 4 The clot release serum which begins the process of repairing the damaged area

5. T YPE OF WOUND Simple laceration Complex laceration. Abrasion. Contusion. Puncture wound. Stab wound. Gunshot wound.

6. W OUND 1- no object embedded. 2- an object embedded. The Aims : 1. To control bleeding ( with out pressing the object into the wound “ in case of an object imbedded “ ) 2. To prevent and minimize the effects of shock. 3. To minimize infection. 4. To arrange urgent transport to the hospital.

7. T HE I MPLEMENTATIONS 1. Put on disposable gloves ( press firmly on either side of the embedded object” in case of an object is embedded “ ). 2. Raise and support the limb above the level of the heart. 3. Help the person lie down. 4. Build up padding on either side of the object. 5. Support the injured part in a raised position. 6. Dial 977 or call EMS. Monitor and record vital signs, level of response, pulse, and bleeding.

10. I MPALEMENT Your Aim: To prevent further injury. The Implementations : 1. Dial 977 or call EMS. 2. Support the person’s body weight until the emergency services take over from you.

11. A MPUTATION A) Care of the victim Your Aims: 1. To minimize blood loss and shock. 2. To Arrange urgent transport to a hospital. The Implementations: 1. Put on disposable gloves if available and control blood loss. 2. Apply sterile dressing and secure it with a bandage 3. Dial 997 or Call EMS.

12. C ONT ’ A MPUTATION B) Care of the amputated part Your Aims : To prevent deterioration of the part. The Implementations: 1. Wrap the part in plastic bag. 2. Wrap the package in gauze or soft fabric. 3. Place it in a container full of crushed ice. 4. Clearly mark the container with the time of injury and the person’s name.

13. C RUSH I NJURY For less than 15 minutes. For more than 15 minutes. Your Aim : To obtain specialized medical aid urgently.

14. IF CRUSH FOR LESS THAN 15 MINUTES The Implementations : 1. Release the person, control bleeding and cover the wound, 2. Secure and support any suspected fracture. 3. Dial 997 or call EMS.

15. IF CRUSHED FOR MORE THAN 15 MINUTES The implementations : 1. Dial 977 or call EMS. 2. Comfort and reassure the injured person.

16. C UTS AND A BRASIONS Medical aid needed in the following circumstance : 1. If the bleeding dose not stop. 2. If there is foreign object embedded in the cut. 3. If the wound is at particular risk of infection. 4. If an old wound show sign of becoming infected.

17. T HE I MPLEMENTATIONS 1- Wash hand, put disposable gloves. 2- Clean it by rinsing lightly under running water. 3- elevate the injured part above the heart level.

18. C ONT ’ T HE I MPLEMENTATIONS 4- Clean the surrounding area with soap and water

19. F OREIGN OBJECT IN A CUT Your Aims : 1. To control bleeding 2. To minimize the risk of infection 3. To arrange transport to hospital if necessary. The Implementation : 1- put on disposable gloves, control bleeding.

20. C ONT ’ F OREIGN OBJECT IN A CUT 2- Cover the wound with a gauze. 3- Build up padding around the object until you can bandage over it with out pressing down

21. C ONT ’ F OREIGN OBJECT IN A CUT 4- Arrange to take or send the injured person to the hospital.  Special case : Bandage around the object if the object is large

22. B RUISING Your Aim : To reduce the blood flow to the injury. The implementations: 1. raise and support the injured part. 2. Apply firm pressure to the bruise using a cold compress.

23. I NFECTED WOUND Your Aims : 1. To prevent further infection 2. To obtain medical aid if necessary. The Implementations : 1. Put on disposable gloves, cover with sterile dressing and bandage in place. 2. Raise and support the injured part using a sling or bandaging. 3. Tell the person to see his doctor or take the person to the hospital

24. S CALP AND H EAD W OUND Your Aims : 1. To control blood loss. 2. To arrange transport to hospital. The Implementation : 1. Put on disposable gloves, replace displaced flaps of skin at the injured site, reassure the injured person

25. S CALP AND H EAD W OUND C ONT ’ 2- Cover the wound with sterile dressing, apply firm direct pressure on the pad. 3- Secure dressing with roller bandage.

26. S CALP AND H EAD W OUND C ONT ’ 4- Help the person lie down, with his head and shoulders slightly raised, take him to the hospital, monitor and record vital signs, level of response, pulse and breathing.

27. E YE WOUND Your Aims : 1. To prevent further damage. 2. To arrange transport to the hospital. The Implementations : 1. Help the person to lie down, tell her to keep both eye still. 2. Ask her to hold sterile dressing over the affected eye. 3. Take the injured person to the hospital.

28. B LEEDING FROM THE E AR Your Aim : 1. To arrange transport to the hospital. The Implementations : 1. Help the person into half setting position, with his head tilted to the injured side. 2. Put on gloves, sterile dressing lightly in place on the ear.

29. N OSE B LEEDING Your Aims : 1. To control blood loss. 2. To maintain an open airway. The Implementations : 1. Ask the person to sit down, advice her to tilt her head forward. 2. Ask the person to breath through his mouth and to pinch the soft part of the nose.

30. N OSE B LEEDING C ONT ’ 1. Tell the person to keep pinching her nose. 2. Tell the person to release the pressure after 10 minute. 3. Clean around the nose with lukewarm water once bleeding stop. 4. Advice the person to rest for a few hours, avoid exertion and not to blow her nose.

31. B LEEDING FROM THE M OUTH Your Aims : 1. To control bleeding 2. To safeguard the airway by preventing any inhaled blood. The Implementations : 1. Ask the person to sit down, with her head forward and tilted slightly to the injured site 2. Put on gloves, place gauze pad over the wound. 3. Replace the pad, advice the person not to drink any thing for 12 hours.

32. K NOCKED – O UT T OOTH Your Aim : To replant the tooth as soon as possible. The Implementations : 1. Put on gloves, push the tooth into the socket, keep it in place. 2. Ask the person to hold the tooth in place and go to the dentist.

33. W OUND TO THE P ALM Your Aims : 1. To control blood loss and effect of shock. 2. To minimize the risk of infection. 3. To arrange transport to the hospital. The Implementations : 1. Put on gloves, press a sterile dressing into the palm, ask the injured person to clench his fist over it.

34. W OUND TO THE P ALM C ONT ’ 2. Bandage the fingers, tie the ends over the top of the fingers. 3. Support the person’s arm in an elevation sling.

35. W OUND AT A J OINT C REASE Your Aims : 1. To control blood loss. 2. To prevent and minimize the effect of shock. 3. To arrange transport to hospital. The Implementations : 1. Put on gloves, press sterile dressing on the injury, bend a joint firmly. 2. Raise and support the limb. 3. Take the person to the hospital

36. A BDOMINAL W OUND Your Aims : 1. To minimize the shock 2. To minimize the risk of infection 3. To arrange urgent transport to the hospital. The Implementations : 1. Put on gloves, help the injured person to lie down, loosen any tight clothing.

37. A BDOMINAL W OUND 2. Put a dressing over the wound and secure it in place. 3. Dial 997 or call EMS.

38. V AGINAL BLEEDING Your Aims : 1. To make the women comfortable and to reassure her. 2. To observe her and treat for shock. 3. To arrange transport to hospital if necessary. The Implementations : 1. Remove the woman to place with some privacy. 2. Find clean towel and give it to her to use.

39. V AGINAL BLEEDING C ONT ’ 3. Make the women comfortable as possible. 4. Give her analgesic if her cramps due to menstrual.

40. B LEEDING V ARICOSE V EIN Your Aims : 1. To bring blood loss under control. 2. To minimize shock. 3. To arrange urgent transport to hospital. The Implementations : 1. Put on gloves, help the person lie down on her back, raise and support the injured leg as high as possible.

41. B LEEDING V ARICOSE V EIN 2. Carefully expose the site of the bleeding, apply firm direct pressure on the area. 3. Remove garments.

42. B LEEDING V ARICOSE V EIN 4. Put large soft, pad over the dressing bandage it firmly. 5. Dial 997 or Call EMS.