2. WOUNDS Abnormal break in the skin or other tissues which allows blood to escape.  Open Wounds  Closed Wounds

3. Types of wounds Incised Wound( a straight deep cut) Incised Wound( a straight deep cut) Lacerated Wound (a tear in the skin) Lacerated Wound (a tear in the skin) Abrasion or Graze Wound (e.g when someone fall on a rough surface) Abrasion or Graze Wound (e.g when someone fall on a rough surface) Contused Wound (Bruise) (e.g when someone knock onto something/got boxed by someone and there is a blood clot) Contused Wound (Bruise) (e.g when someone knock onto something/got boxed by someone and there is a blood clot) Punctured Wound (e.g when someone step onto a nail) Punctured Wound (e.g when someone step onto a nail) Gunshot wound (when someone get shot by the gun) Gunshot wound (when someone get shot by the gun)

4. BLEEDING  Clotting of blood. Our body’s mechanism to stop bleeding  Cut ends of a blood vessel will contract.  Blood pressure will drop. Scar tissue Scab Clot White blood cell SkinFibrin Red blood cell Platelets

5. TYPE OF BLEEDING Arterial Bleeding Arterial Bleeding Venous Bleeding Venous Bleeding Capillary Bleeding Capillary Bleeding

6. TYPE OF BLEEDING  Bright Red in Colour  Spurts from a wound in time with the heartbeat.  Severed main artery may jet blood several feet high.  Rapidly reduce the volume of circulating blood. Arterial Bleeding

7. TYPE OF BLEEDING  Dark Red in Colour  Gush profusely. Venous Bleeding  Oozing at the site of all wounds.  Blood loss is usually slight. Capillary Bleeding

8. TREATMENT FOR MINOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING  Direct pressure.  Elevation. (raise to a higher position or level)  Small adhesive dressing.  Medical aid need only be sought if the bleeding does not stop, or if the wound is at special risk of infection.

9. Protecting yourself  Use disposable gloves.  Wash hands well in soap and water before and after treatment.  Cover any sores or open wounds with waterproof adhesive dressing.

10. If the wound is dirty, clean it by rinsing lightly under running water, or use an antiseptic wipe. Clean Wound

11. Elevate and Dressing  Elevate the wounded part above the level of the heart.  Apply adhesive dressing.  If there is a special risk of infection, advise to see doctor.