1. Spain builds and American empire
Chapter 20 section 1

2. Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes’ Conquistador Francisco Pizzaro
Key Terms
Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes’ Conquistador Francisco Pizzaro
Colony Atahualpa Mestizo Encomienda

3. Voyages of Columbus
October 12, 1492 land discovered Reached the East Indies Miscalculated where he was Landed in the Bahamas Called them Indians because he thought he landed in West Indies Claimed the land for Spain San Salvador for Holy Savior

4. The Voyages of Columbus
1493 returned to Spain Columbus made three trips 17 ships and 1,000 soldiers Became an empire builder Turned Caribbean Islands into colonies Colony- is land controlled by another country

5. Other Explorers take to the Seas
Pedro Cabral- reached modern day Brazil Amerigo Vespucci traveled the eastern shores of South America America was named in his honor 1519 Ferdinand Magellan 250 in five ships to sail around the world Magellan killed in Guam 18 men and one ship made it back to Spain

6. Spain Builds an Empire
Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements Did not find much gold Ecomienda –colonist given land and native Americans They work the land for him Had to teach them Christianity Basis for all Spanish settlements

7. The Conquest of Mexico
Hernan Cortes’- led an expedition to Mexico Ended in conquest of the Aztec Empire Conquistador-conqueror term applied to Spanish military leaders who fought the native peoples

8. The Conquest of Mexico
Montezuma II- Aztec leader Was unpopular to the people he led Cortez used the lack of popularity against him Arrived at Tenochtitlan with thousands of Native Americans and small band of Spanish

9. The Conquest of Mexico
Women named Malintzin who joined Cortez as a translator Advantages of the Spanish Metal weapons Heavy armor Guns First sight of horses induced terror

10. Spain Builds an Empire
Overwork Mistreatment Diseases spread by Europeans No natural defenses Millions would die

11. The Conquest of Mexico
Disease kills thousands November 8, 1519 Cortes’ enters Mexico Took emperor hostage Montezuma was killed in a battle Months of fighting Cortez took the city and entire empire

12. The Conquest of Peru
Francisco Pizarro-led expedition to Peru and the Incas Disease (small pox) had killed the emperor and many people Civil war had broken out Atahualpa-took over the empire just before the Spanish arrived

13. The Conquest of Peru
Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish Demanded that he accept Christianity and turn over his empire Took Atahualpa prisoner Killed him after they were paid a ransom Destroyed Inca Army and took over the empire

14. Life in the Spanish Empire
Conquest of Mexico and Peru controlled a huge empire Viceroys- chosen by the king to rule large areas in the kings name Economy based on mining silver and gold Spanish drafted Native Americans to work

15. Spain’s Pattern of conquest
Lived among the conquered people Intermarriage was common Mestizo- mixed Spanish and Native American Conquered territory included New Spain- part of Mexico and Guatemala Central and South America Caribbean

16. The Portuguese in Brazil
Signed a treaty early in the exploration Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 drew an imaginary line everything to the west was Spain to the east Portuguese (Brazil) Brazils jungles made mining difficult

17. The Portuguese Arrive in Brazil
1530’s colonists began to move in Found little gold Started sugar production Established huge farms and estates used Native Americans then switched to African slaves

18. Spain Expands Influence
Spain’s became the richest, most powerful nation in the 1600’s Golden age Spain increased military might Protected treasure ships Spain also part of what is now the United States

19. Conquistadors Push North
Southwestern United States 1513 Ponce de Leon explores Florida Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Kansas Missionaries sent to colonize

20. Conquistadors Push North
Catholic priests accompanied conquistadors Priests came in search for converts New Mexico governor names capitol Santa Fe- Holy faith Headquarters for advancing the Catholic faith

21. Opposition to Spanish Rule
Disease and mistreatment took its toll Killed 90% of the 50 million people(4 million left) Bartolome de Las Casas- seeking to protect Native Americans recommended using African Slaves as labor

22. African slavery and native Resistance
Spanish government abolished ecomienda system in 1542 Opposition came from priests and Native Americans 1493 island of Saint Croix natives fired poison arrows at Columbus End of 17th century natives fought the Spanish Spanish burned sacred objects and banned native rituals

23. African Slavery and Native Resistance
1680 Pope a Pueblo leader led 8,000 warriors all over New Mexico to drive Spanish back to new Spain Took Spanish 12 years to regain control Other European nations started to establish colonies in the Americas