1. Spain Builds and Empire
Chapter 2 Section 3
Spain Builds and Empire

2. Spain Builds and Empire
Spanish Conquistadors
Soldiers that led expeditions to Americas
Came looking for Gold
Conquest of the Aztec
Hernan Cortes
Left Cuba and went west to what is Mexico in 1519
Land ruled by Aztecs and Moctezuma II
Ended up in Tenochtitlan and saw that the Aztecs had gold and silver
Spanish out numbered (less than 700 to thousands)
Spanish had superior weapons and help from Aztec enemies

3. Spain Builds and Empire
Conquest of the Aztec (continued)
Malintzin
Indian Woman that helped the Spanish get allies
Due to a variety of reasons, including small-pox the Aztec empire fell to the Spanish
Conquest of the Inca
Francisco Pizarro
Only 400 men in the Army, but better weapons
Captured Cuzco and Killed the leaders
By 1534 had control of the entire empire

4. Spain Builds and Empire
Spanish Settlements
Began to settle newly claimed lands
Span wanted to control the migration though
Jews, Muslims, and non-Christian forbidden in New Spain
Most immigrants were men
Ruled through a council of officials
Council of Indies (top)
Viceroyalty of Peru- governed most of South America
Viceroyalty of New Spain- governed most of Central America, Mexico and Southern US

5. Spain Builds and Empire
Settlements (Continued)
3 types of Settlements
Pueblos- trading posts, and centers of government
Missions- started by priests to convert Natives
Presidios- military bases
El Camino Real (The Royal Road)
Connected Settlements
Covered from Mexico City to Santa Fe and into California

6. Spain Builds and Empire
Exploring the Borderlands
Southeast
Ponce de Leon
Landed in Caribbean in 1508
Discovered gold in Puerto Rico
Become governor
1512 discovered coast of Florida
Searched for Fountain of Youth (Never found it)
St. Augustine Florida
Hernando de Soto
2 decades after Ponce de Leon got permission to go into what would be the Carolinas
Crossed the Appalachian Mountains
Found the Mississippi River in 1541
Died 1542 in what would be the Oklahoma area

7. Spain Builds and Empire
Exploring the Borderlands (continued)
Southwest
1528- Alvar Nunez de Vaca & Paniflo de Narvaez when in to North America
300 men
Started in Florida
Problems with weather and disease
Crashed a boat near what would be Galveston
4 survivors captured (Including a slave named Estevanico)
After 6 years escaped and continued to explore
The slave became a guide for other groups
De Vaca returned to Spain and called for better treatment of Natives
Wrote a book about his expedition

8. Spain Builds and Empire
Exploring the Borderlands (continued)
Southwest
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
1540 set out to explore the Southwest and look for Seven Cities of Gold
Discovered the Grand Canyon
Got as far north as Kansas
Treatment of Native Americans
Natives suffered greatly
Forced Labor
Peninsulares set up encomienda system- Spanish could tax local native Americans or make them work, suppose to protect and convert them, but really became slaves
Set up plantations and forced Natives to work on haciendas (large estates)

9. Spain Builds and Empire
Role of Catholic Church
Priests were ordered to convert natives to Catholicism
Cultures began to combine
Many such as Bartolome de Las Casas said the conversion needed to be gentle, but the colonists rarely followed that path.