1. U.S. History Chapter 16 Lecture Notes

2. New Developments in Urban Life 1.Designed the Wainwright Building, the first Skyscraper built in the United States. Louis Sullivan 2.List three types of mass transit systems employed by American cities during the late- 1800’s. Trolley Subway El Train 3.Designed Central Park in New York City. Frederick Law Olmsted

3. New Inventions revolutionize travel and communication 4.Made the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk, NC in 1903. Orville and Wilbur Wright 5.Invented the Kodak Camera. George Eastman

4. Education or Free Daycare? 6.Under his leadership Public School Systems began adding Kindergartens to their programs. William Torrey Harris

5. Fighting for Civil Rights at the “Turn of the Century” 7.African American leader that believed that African Americans should focus on vocational educations and secure their economic freedoms before worrying about political and social freedom. Booker T. Washington 8.Institute for Vocational Education founded by Booker T. Washington. Tuskegee Institute 9.African American leader that focused on higher education and political freedom for the African American Community. He founded the Niagara Movement and was a founding member of the NAACP. W.E.B. Du Bois 10.African American woman that worked for passage of a Federal Anti-Lynching law. Ida B. Wells

6. Oppression faced by African Americans at the “Turn of the Century” 11.Two methods employed by Southern states to circumvent the Fifteenth Amendment and deny African Americans the right to vote. Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes 12.Implemented to allow poor white farmers who could not afford the poll tax or pass the literacy test to vote. If you were eligible to vote in 1860, you could vote in 1890. The Grandfather Clause 13.Legal separation of the races. Segregation 14.Laws passed by the Southern States and local governments enforcing segregation. Jim Crow Laws

7. Oppression by Law and by Custom 15.Supreme Court decision that made segregation legal on the basis “separate but equal”. Plessy v. Ferguson 16.Type of Segregation based on law. De Jure Segregation (Jim Crow Laws in the South) 17.Type of Segregation based on customs. De Facto Segregation (Ghettos and job discrimination in the North) 18.Form of mob violence, punishment without conviction of a crime. Lynching

8. Literature and the Mass Media 19.Published The New York World, an innovative newspaper that focused its stories on “Sex, Sin, and Sensation”. Joseph Pulitzer 20.Published The New York Morning Journal, published exaggerated stories focused on stirring the emotions of its readers. William Randolph Hearst 21.Samuel Langhorne Clemons, most famous American novelist of the late-1800’s. Mark Twain

9. A new “Consumer Age” 22.Opened the first “Department Store” in America, modeled his stores on the motto “give the lady what she wants”. Marshall Fields 23.Owned a prominent line of chain stores in America. Frank W. Woolworth 24.Boosted mail-order businesses by delivering packages directly to every home. Rural-free Delivery 25.Two main Department Stores that brought retail merchandise to small towns through mail-order catalogs. Sears Roebuck and Montgomery Ward