1. The Indian Perimeter Preview Section 1: Natural Environments
World Geography Today
4/25/2017
The Indian Perimeter
Preview
Section 1: Natural Environments
Section 2: History and Culture
Section 3: The Region Today
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter 26

2. Section 1: Natural Environments
Read to Discover
What are the main physical features of the Indian Perimeter?
What types of climates, plants, and animals are found there?
What natural resources do countries in the region have?

3. Section 1: Natural Environments
Physical Features
Pakistan—Northern mountains (Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindu Kush), hills and plateaus, Indus Valley, Thar Desert
Nepal and Bhutan—Himalayas, Tarai (Gangetic Plain in Nepal)
Bangladesh—Alluvial plain and delta
Sri Lanka—Coastal plain and mountainous center
Maldives—Low coral islands

4. Section 1: Natural Environments
Question
What climates, plants, and animals exist around the Indian Perimeter?

5. Section 1: Natural Environments
Plants and Animals of the Indian Perimeter
Lowlands
Highlands
Bengal tiger, elephant; mango, bamboo, coconut, date palm, rain forests
Bears, deer, wild goats, Indian rhinoceros, snow leopards; forests, cleared areas

6. Section 1: Natural Environments
Climates
From arid and semiarid to tropical humid and highland
Monsoon—Wet season affects all countries; promotes lush forests and varied wildlife (tigers, elephants) in Bangladesh and lowland Bhutan and Nepal
Tropical cyclones in Bay of Bengal
Pakistan—Mainly arid and semiarid, with humid subtropical in mountain foothills
Highland areas of Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan—Highland climates, with some forests and wildlife (bears, deer, snow leopards, wild goats)

7. Section 1: Natural Environments
Natural Resources
Generally not rich in resources; Pakistan and Sri Lanka have the most minerals
Pakistan—Iron, copper, limestone, natural gas
Sri Lanka—Gemstones, iron, salt
Bangladesh—Some oil, coal, natural gas; rivers and soil
Nepal and Bhutan—Forests, hydroelectric potential

8. Section 2: History and Culture
Read to Discover
What is the history of the countries of the Indian Perimeter?
What are some characteristics of the region’s cultures?

9. Section 2: History and Culture
Harappan civilization emerged in Indus Valley.
By 1500 B.C. Aryans had arrived.
Persians, Greeks, and Indians (Maurya, Gupta) occupied parts of the region.
Turkic Muslims brought Islam around A.D
Mughals ruled from 1500s to 1700s.
Europeans colonized the region after 1500.

10. Section 2: History and Culture
History (continued)
Partition at independence (1947) divided India from East and West Pakistan; East Pakistan became Bangladesh (1971).
Other independence dates: Sri Lanka (1948), Maldives (1965), Bhutan (1949)
Nepal set up constitutional monarchy in 1950s.

11. Section 2: History and Culture
Question
What ethnic groups, languages, and religions are prevalent in the countries of the Indian Perimeter?

12. Section 2: History and Culture
Cultures
Pakistan—Regions are culturally distinct, but all are Muslim; Urdu the official language
Nepal—Indian ancestry and cultural ties in the south; Tibetan in the north
Bhutan—Three groups (Bhote, Nepalese, tribal peoples); English widely used in schools
Bangladesh—Mainly Bengalis, some southwest Asians

13. Section 2: History and Culture
Cultures (continued)
Sri Lanka—Majority Sinhalese and minority Tamils in conflict
Three major religions—Buddhism and Hinduism in Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka; Islam in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Maldives
Religious practice very important—Muslim prayers in Pakistan, Buddhist festivals in Sri Lanka

14. Section 3: The Region Today
Read to Discover
What is the basis of the economies of the Indian Perimeter?
What are settlement patterns like in the region?
What challenges will these countries face in the future?

15. Section 3: The Region Today
Question
What products do the countries of the Indian Perimeter produce?

16. Section 3: The Region Today
Products of the Indian Perimeter
Agricultural
Minerals
Manufacturing
Services
Jute, rice, tea, rubber, coconut
Graphite, gems
Textiles, electricity, processed food
Tourism

17. Section 3: The Region Today
Economic Foundations
Heavy reliance on agriculture; industrialization limited by scarce resources
Pakistan—Some manufacturing; nearly half of labor force works in agriculture
Bangladesh—Farming, textiles and clothing, fishing, logging, construction
Sri Lanka—Export crops (tea, rubber, coconut), mining (gemstones, graphite), manufacturing (food products, textiles)
Nepal and Bhutan—Farming, timber, tourism, some hydroelectric generation

18. Section 3: The Region Today
Settlement Patterns
Mainly rural, though some growing cities
Pakistan—One-third urban, concentrated in Indus Valley
Nepal and Bhutan—Low population density, but higher in lowlands and valleys
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka—Mostly rural and densely populated
Villages in fertile farming areas close together

19. Section 3: The Region Today
Challenges
Typical developing country issues—Poverty, health conditions, population growth
Environment—Deforestation, effects of tourism, flooding, and concerns about global warming
Political problems—Kashmir issue, military coups in Pakistan, Sri Lanka conflict
Establishing democratic government and sharing wealth more equally in society

20. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
World Geography Today
4/25/2017
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
1. Which countries of the Indian Perimeter include parts of the Himalayas? Which include parts of the plain of the Ganges River?
2. Where did Bhutan’s largest ethnic group, the Bhote, come from?
3. On what basis did the British divide their colony of India upon independence in 1947?
4. What are the major industries of Bangladesh?
5. What is the greatest potential energy resource of Nepal and Bhutan?
Chapter 26