1. Triumph of Parliament in England

2. The Tudors The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603
King Henry VIII consulted Parliament
Breaking away from the Catholic Church
Passing the Act of Supremacy
Raising Taxes
The Tudors worked closely with Parliament

3. 1603
When Elizabeth I died in 1603, the throne passed to the Stuarts, the ruling family of Scotland
Not as skillful in dealing with Parliament
Asserted their divine right to rule
The first Stuart monarch, James I, clashed with
Parliament over money and
foreign policy
Also had trouble with the
Puritans who wanted to
“purify” England against
Catholic practices

4. 1625-1629 When James I died, his son, Charles I, became king in 1625
Behaved like an absolute monarch
In 1628, he needed Parliament to help him raise taxes
Parliament forced him to sign the
Petition of Right
Prohibited the king from raising taxes
without Parliament’s consent
In 1629, Charles I dissolved Parliament

5.
To get funds to suppress the Scottish rebellion, Charles I had to summon Parliament in 1640
Known as the Long Parliament
Refused to disband
Lasted on and off until 1653

6. 1642
Charles I tried to sent troops in to arrest the rebel leaders of the Long Parliament
Began the English Civil War
Fought between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads
Cavaliers- supporters of Charles I
Wealthy nobles, well-trained
Roundheads- supporters of Oliver Cromwell
Puritans, countrymen
Oliver Cromwell was a skilled general

7.
Charles I and his Cavaliers were defeated by Oliver Cromwell and his Roundheads by 1647
Parliament put King Charles I on trial
Condemned him to death
First time a ruling monarch has been tried and convicted by his own people
Beheaded in 1649
England was declared a republic led by Oliver Cromwell

8. Horrible Histories- English Civil War

9. 1650s
In the 1650s, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Church of England
Declared England a republic known as the Commonwealth, under Oliver Cromwell
Commonwealth was a Puritan society
Supporters of Charles II, the uncrowned heir to the throne, lashed out in Ireland and Scotland
Cromwell took harsh measures against them
Cromwell took the title Lord Protector in 1653
Died in 1658

10. 1660s After Cromwell died, Puritans lost their grip on England
People were sick of military rule and Puritan ways
In the 1660s, Parliament invited Charles II to return to England from exile
The monarchy was restored in England

11.
Charles II was a popular ruler, and accepted the Petition of Right
Charles II’s brother, James II, inherited the throne in 1658
In 1688, parliamentary leaders invited his protestant daughter Mary, and her husband William III of Orange to rule England (Glorious Revolution)
The new monarchs had to accept the English Bill of Rights
Ensured Parliament’s superiority over the king
Reinstated traditional rights like trial by jury
Reaffirmed habeas corpus
Granted religious toleration