1. WEEK 11 JOURNAL 42 Answer the following questions: How did the Soviet launch of Sputnik I affect relations between the US and Soviet Union? Why would the US get concerned if Cuba began to align (be friends with) itself with the Soviet Union?

2. CHAPTER 20 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY SECTION 1 KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

3. CAUSES FOR CONCERN Economic recession Soviet launched Sputnik I Soviet developed long range missiles 1960 U-2 incident Cuba aligned with the SU

4. ELECTION OF 1960 Kennedy – Democrat Nixon – Republican Two factors decided the race Debate Televised Civil Rights Martin Luther King Jr.

5. KENNEDY TAKES OFFICE Very concerned Soviet alliances and spread of communism Republican policy of massive retaliation Soviets had nuclear weapons and missiles Kennedy’s alternative Flexible response

6. FLEXIBLE RESPONSE Other options for defense Boosted conventional military forces Created Special Forces Green Berets Tripled US nuclear capabilities INCREASED DEFENSE SPENDING

7. JANUARY 3, 1961 Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba This is days before Kennedy’s inauguration

8. FIDEL CASTRO Revolutionary leader of Cuba Promised to set up a democracy if the US would help to overthrow Cuban Dictator Batista Castro came to power in 1959

9. CUBAN DILEMMA Oil refineries Commercial farms / communes US trade barriers Putting Castro’s reforms in place Soviets and political repression Cubans take sides….. 10% become exiles

10. BAY OF PIGS INVASION Summer of 1960 Eisenhower gave CIA permission…. Kennedy found out about operation 9 days after election April 17, 1961 1,400 Cuban exiles landed Nothing went right!!!!!! Kennedy took blame for the mess Paid Castro $53 million in food and medical supplies. Negotiated for release of surviving commandos.

11. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Khrushchev pledged to defend Cuba Summer of 1962 Soviet weapons to Cuba increased Nuclear Kennedy’s response October 14 – U-2 photos

15. Kennedy’s speech Any attack from Cuba…. Next six days Soviet ships turned Khrushchev’s offer Kennedy agreed

19. Khrushchev and Kennedy

20. Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis Hurt Khrushchev Hurt Kennedy somewhat Democrats were blamed for loosing Cuba Castro closed doors to exiles 1962 to 1965 Many Cubans fled to join families in Miami

21. BERLIN CRISIS 1961 West Berlin – East Berlin Residents fled Showed failure of communist E. Khrushchev wanted to close all access roads to W. Berlin Kennedy refused Khrushchev’s solution – seal border BERLIN WALL Ended the crisis but aggravated Cold War tensions.

22. EASING TENSIONS April 1963 – hotline established US-SU White House to Kremlin Limited Test Ban Treaty Banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere US-SU

23. SECTION 2 THE NEW FRONTIER

24. THE CAMELOT YEARS Name given to the Kennedy years Grace, elegance, wit…art, culture Country was fascinated by the First Family 1,600 words a minute Young intellectuals – Mc George Bundy, Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, Robert Kennedy

25. THE NEW FRONTIER Kennedy’s legislative agenda Had trouble putting his plan in action Congress would not pass programs Medical care for aged Rebuild urban areas Aid for education

26. Kennedy did not have a popular mandate He was, however, successful in getting to pass some programs. Economy National defense International aid Massive space program

27. STIMULATING THE ECONOMY US was in a recession and unemployment was up to 6% Used deficit spending to put money back into economy (ND) Gave people a tax cut Government was spending more money than it received!!!!

28. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Got almost 20% of budget increase Flexible response…

29. INTERNATIONAL AID Peace Corps – campaign promise Volunteer assistance for developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America Alliance for Progress Offered economic and technical assistance to help Latin American countries improve their living conditions Intended somewhat to stop Castro from spreading ideas to other Latin American countries.

30. SPACE PROGRAM April 12, 1961 – SU – Vostok First manned spaceship Kennedy and Congress supported landing a man on moon before decade was over NASA started to build new facilities at Cape Canaveral and Houston

31. 1961 – Alan Shepard – Brief flight - no orbit February 20, 1962 – John Glenn Orbited Earth 3 times 1962 – Telstar Communication satellite TV pictures from Maine to Europe July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong First man on the moon

32. EFFECTS OF SPACE PROGRAM Better education Advances in computers New industries developed Rapid growth in south and west

33. NEW DOMESTIC AGENDA Harrington – “The Other America” 42 million – Less than $1,000 Kennedy redirected his focus to address the poor and civil rights issues

34. APPROVAL RATING Almost 60 % supported Kennedy November 22, 1963 Air Force One landed in Dallas Mend fences Warm reception

35. LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON Took office aboard Air Force One

36. LEE HARVY OSWALD Charged with the murder Palm print was on the rifle 24 years old Former marine – dishonorable discharge Lived in SU – Castro supporter

37. JACK RUBY November 24, 1963 Shot and killed Oswald November 25, 1963 Kennedy’s Funeral

38. WEEK 11 JOURNAL 43 Copy the following: There will be at least one Hot Topic Quiz each week until the State Test on December 5.  Answer the following: What are the major issues Kennedy addressed during his administration?

39. WARREN COMMISSION Headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren Investigate assassination Concluded that : Oswald killed Kennedy Probably acted alone

40. 1979 CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE Reinvestigated assassination Concluded that : Oswald probably killed Kennedy He acted in a conspiracy with unknown others Possibly 2 others fired at Kennedy

41. MANY DIFFERENT THEORIES Plot by anti-Castro Cubans Communist sponsored attack Conspiracy by the CIA Led by Johnson

42. Americans learned that the US system of government was very sturdy in a crisis Smooth transition from Kennedy to Johnson

43. BELL RINGER Get your textbook Turn to page 736 1.Select a piece of Legislation 2.Identify the Area it addresses 3.Briefly – in your own words – explain its purpose. Example 1.Highway Safety Act 2.Consumer protection 3.Created standards for the training of emergency medical technicians DO NOT USE THE HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT

44. SECTION 3 THE GREAT SOCIETY

45. FROM TEXAS TO CAPITOL HILL Elected in 1937 to House of Representatives FDR liked his style / became friends 1948 – elected to Senate 1955 – became Senate majority leader As congressman he was very good at persuading others to his view

46. Kennedy liked Johnson’s approach and his connections

47. CIVIL RIGHTS OF 1957 A voting rights act First civil rights legislation passed since reconstruction (1875)

48. JOHNSON TAKES OFFICE Continued Kennedy’s tax cut and civil rights bills Feb. 1964 – Tax cut bill passed Stimulated the consumer spending which led to profits for corporations which gave more tax $ to the government to help cut the deficit from 6 billion to 4 billion

49. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Passed July of 1964 Prohibited discrimination in public facilities based on race, religion, national origin, or gender Gave Federal Government power to enforce it

50. JOHNSON’S WAR ON POVERTY Also read “The Other America” Early in ‘64 he declared war on poverty August of ‘64 Congress passed Economic Opportunity Act

51. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT Established the following Job Corps Youth training programs VISTA – volunteers in service to America Head Start Educational programs for underprivileged preschoolers Community Program Encouraged poor to participate in public works

52. 1964 ELECTION Johnson – Democrat – liberal – did not want involvement in Vietnam Campaign commercials A girl picking daisy petals fading into a mushroom of bomb smoke Johnson won in a landslide Democrats also won majority in Congress – easier to pass his agenda

53. THE GREAT SOCIETY Johnson’s programs From 1965 to 1966 Johnson’s administration introduced many bills to congress By 1969 Congress has passed 206 of Johnson’s bills Most, Johnson worked to pass himself

54. POVERTY Medical Care Act of 1965 Established : Medicare Medical care for Americans 65 and up Medicaid Medical care for the needy

55. CITIES Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Congress appropriated $ to build low rent public housing and help low-moderate income families pay for better public housing

56. ROBERT WEAVER Secretary of HUD FIRST AFRICAN – AMERICAN CABINET MEMBER - EVER

57. EDUCATION Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 Provided more than 1 billion $$$ in federal aid for textbooks and library supplies First major federal aid package for education in US history

58. DISCRIMINATION Immigration Act of 1965 Established a quota system for immigrants No more than 20,000 from any one country

59. ENVIRONMENT Water Quality Act of 1965 Required states to clean up rivers Air Quality Act of 1967 Set federal air pollution guidelines and extended federal enforcement power

60. CONSUMER ADVOCACY Truth in Packing Act of 1966 Set standards for labeling consumer goods RALPH NADER – young lawyer that criticized auto industry for not including safety features

61. ADD THESE TO THE OUTLINE National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act – 1966 Set federal safety standards for Auto and tire industries Department of Transportation Created to deal with national air, rail, and highway transportation

62. WEEK 11 JOURNAL 44 Tell three ways FDR’s New Deal and Johnson’s Great Society are alike.

63. 22 nd Amendment – Passed by congress in 1947 – ratified in 1951 Limited presidential terms Can be elected to no more than two four year terms Can serve up to ten years if finishing out previous president’s term 23 rd Amendment – Passed congress in 1960 – ratified 1961 District of Colombia has the right to vote for president and vice-president.

64. 24 th AMENDMENT 1964 Eliminated the poll tax VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 Dropped the literacy test to vote

65. REFORMS OF THE WARREN COURT Wave of liberal decisions starting with Brown v. Board of Ed. (1954) Banned prayer in public schools Declared state required loyalty oaths unconstitutional Limited communities power to censor books and films

66. One more Warren Reform Extended freedom of speech to include symbolic speech Wearing black armbands to protest the war

67. REAPPORTIONMENT Redrawing of district lines to compensate for population shifts From rural areas to urban areas Several court cases were involved Baker v. Carr Reynolds v. Sims

68. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED Many cases had an impact on these changes

69. MAPP V. OHIO 1961 Evidence seized illegally could not be used

70. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT 1963 Required criminal courts to provide free legal council for the accused if they could not afford it

71. ESCOBEDO V. ILLINOIS 1964 The accused had the right to have their lawyer present when questioned

72. MIRANDA V. ARIZONA 1966 All suspects must be read their rights (MIRANDA RIGHTS) You have the right to remain silent…… Very debated - Liberals praised it Conservatives criticized it

73. IMPACT OF THE GREAT SOCIETY Was the nation better or worse? New awareness of social problems Civil rights Poverty War on poverty worked – number of poor feel (25% in ‘62 to 11% in 73)

74. MORE IMPACT Tax cut stimulated economy Funding Great Society caused a budget deficit (lasted for more than 3 decades) Conservative backlash began to develop – Ronald Regan was elected governor of California – 1966 Vietnam War took funds away from the Great Society

75. HAWK In 1964 Johnson ran for president as a peace candidate against the war (remember the commercial?) He would be labeled a HAWK because he changed to support the war in Vietnam.