1. The Formation of Protestant Churches in Europe

2. The Great Schism Papal court moved to Avignon, France
Stays there 70 years
1378 pope moves back to Rome—no one likes him—so new pope elected- now there are 2 popes
Who do you recognize? Don’t know??
SO…. Elect a 3rd pope!!
Finally, 1417, schism is fixed and single pope rules

3. Gregory XI
Moves papacy back to Rome
Urban VI
Italian pope—seen as bad
Clement VII
Elected as rival pope

4. Corruption Simony—paying for offices or positions in church
Indulgences—pardon for sins committed during person’s lifetime
Church World:
Popes and priests worldly, lavish lifestyle
Many priest illiterate

5. Martin Luther: A Monk Gone Bad

6. 95 Theses List of arguments against indulgences
Luther posted list on church doors in Wittenberg, spread with aid of printing press
Argued Christians
could only be saved
through faith

8. Putting up the Dukes with Pope
Church tries to get Luther to recant (give up his views)
Luther refuses
Pope excommunicates Luther
(throws him out of Church)
Luther burns Papal Bull
Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, summons Luther to diet (court) at Worms
A “bulla”

9. Putting up the Dukes with the Pope
Luther must defend his writings – so goes to Diet
Emperor orders him to recant
Luther refuses
“I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand.”

11. Luther Hides but his Ideas Spread
Luther branded outlaw
One of his supporters, a Prince, hides Luther at his castle
Luther is hailed a hero in Germany
His ideas spread to other parts of Europe

12. Such as Switzerland… Predestination
Another reformer believed salvation came through faith …….. JOHN CALVIN
BUT he argued that God alone decided who would get salvation—this is predestination

13. John Calvin

14. Creating a theocracy and model community
Builds community in Geneva, Switzerland
Set up theocracy – church run state
Community stressed hard work, discipline, thrift
Fines for swearing, laughing in church, and dancing

15. Meanwhile in England . . . Henry VIII

16. Desiring a Son
Originallly an opponent of Reformation, even called “Defender of the Faith” by Pope
But when wife, Catherine of Aragon, niece of Holy Roman emperor, cannot give Henry a boy, he wants annulment

17. No Help from the Pope
Pope refuses, does not want to alienate Holy Roman emperor
SO Henry appoints new archbishop who annuls his marriage, and he marries Ann Boleyn

18. Creating his own Church
Breaks completely with Rome
Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, making Henry head of a new Church, the Church of England (or Anglican Church)
Takes over Catholic land and makes England a Protestant country