1. Unit #2: Industrialization & Rise to World Power American Involvement in World War I

2. Causes of World War I Nationalism: devotion to one’s nation –Led to competitive rivalries & created resentment to those who dominated others Imperialism: domination of 1 nation over another –European nations created empires overseas for resources & new markets Militarism: developing their armed military Alliance: 2 major alliances – Triple Entente (Allied Powers): Britain, France, Russia – Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy

3. Outbreak of War Serbian nationalist assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand –With Germany’s aid, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia –Russia came in to aid Serbia & Germany declared war on Russia –After Germany invaded Belgium, Britain & France declared war on Germany **Thus the Great War had begun**

4. U.S. Questions Neutrality Public opinion about the war in Europe was divided –Some Americans thought it was European war & we should stay out; war of Britain & Germany’s power struggle –Others thought it was our duty to aid our ancestors abroad –Also, U.S. had strong economic ties to the Allies Germany sunk Lusitania, Arabic, & Sussex –all carried Americans & U.S. warned Germany to end unrestricted submarine warfare or they would end diplomacy Zimmermann Note was discovered –German ambassador pled to Mexico to aid them against U.S., in return they would help them gain back their “stolen” land from U.S. Russia pulls out of war –Due to revolution happening at home, Russia ended its participation

5. America Mobilizes Selective Service Act –Required men to register for military service (24M by 1918) –Women created Army Corps of Nurses Mass Production –Invented tanks needed to transport large quantities of men & supplies Convoy System –Heavy guarded destroyers escorted ships across Atlantic to avoid confrontation with Germany’s aggressive military American Expeditionary Force (AEF) –Led by Gen. John J. Pershing were new infantry who used new devises for this mechanized warfare (machine guns, tanks, airplanes)

6. Effects at Home Wilson’s power extended –Congress gave Wilson power to fix prices & regulate war industry –1917: War Industries Board encouraged mass-production techniques & standardized products for less waste –Also, created Fuel Administration to conserve amount of gas used by general public Created daylight-savings time –Wilson created National War Labor Board to settle disputes between workers & managers; “Work or Fight!!” Increased wages, 8-hr day, safety measures, banned child labor

7. Other Effects at Home Propaganda: Committee on Public Information –Biased information to influence public opinion Civil liberties limited –Heightened anti-immigrant attacks (German) –Germans changed their names & changed names of foods –1917: Espionage & Sedition Acts – prohibits interfering with war efforts, saying anything disloyal or abusive about gov’t or war efforts Social changes: African-Americans –W.E.B. DuBois supported war effort; would strengthen racial justice –William Monroe Trotter victims of racism shouldn’t support a racist gov’t – Great Migration to northern cities to escape Jim Crow laws in south

8. Ending WWI 1918: Armistice signed by Germany to end fighting –Germany was tired, weak, and could no longer fight Fourteen Points: Wilson’s plan for world peace –No secret treaties among nations, tariffs should be lowered & military should be reduced to a minimum – League of Nations created to discuss disputes without going to war –U.S. never joined the League of Nations Treaty of Versailles : established 9 new nations in Europe –Placed total responsibility of war on Germany Germany had to reduce military, give up colonies, pay reparations