2. The Causes of Chad Barnard Brock Bricker Seth Lowery Camrin Stuckey

3. The Main Causes Defense Alliances Militarism Imperialism Nationalism Assassination of Archduke

4. Defense Alliances An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed. When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies. Central Powers Allied Powers

5. Central Powers The Dual Alliance - 1879 Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia The Triple Alliance – 1882 Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia

6. Allied Powers Franco-Russian Alliance – 1894 Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary Entente Cordiale – 1904 This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain. Anglo-Russian Entente – 1907 This was an agreement between Britain and Russia Triple Entente – 1907 This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany. (no separate peace) - 1914

8. Militarism Both Germany and Frances armies doubled between 1870 and 1914. All the members of the Triple Entente held secret police talk. Everyone knew a war was going to start because all the countries were building up their army. Militarism is the increasing of power and strength in a country’s military.

9. As a major part of militarism, each country’s militaries created new and more efficient weapons for killing and to help turn the tide of war. Flamethrowers Grenades Machine Guns Poison Gas Tanks Submarines Airplanes

10. Were used almost strictly for reconnaissance but eventually were equipped with machine guns leading to dog fights.

11. Submarines A new type of aquatic, vehicular weapon used solely by Germany to stealthily ambush enemy navy ships.

12. Tanks Used more as a heavily armored troop transport across no man’s land rather than an offensive weapon, it changed warfare forever as machine guns could not penetrate its armor.

13. Poison Gas One of the most feared weapons on both sides during WW1, it was used from far away distances to suffocate and kill the unsuspecting enemy. It was a very painful way to die.

14. Machine Guns Rapid-fire rifles that fired hundreds of rounds per minute and cut advancing enemies down like twigs across no man’s land from trenches. One machine-gunner could take on hundreds of troops with his feeder.

15. Grenades Hand explosives thrown by soldiers as anti- infantry and anti-vehicle weapons. Much more advanced and efficient than the previous forms of grenades that had been created.

16. Flamethrowers An extremely deadly weapon that burned its victims alive and engraved fear in the enemy.

17. Imperialism It is when countries increase their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. A desire for foreign markets drove European nations into a competition. Britain, France, and Germany were the main competitors. Africa England’s Indian Trade

18. In Africa

19. England’s Indian Trade England also controlled Australia

20. Nationalism It is a strong supporter of the rights and interests of one's country. Also known as patriotism for one’s country. Citizens of each country wanted to have freedom and not to be under the rule of other countries. Many country’s people became united to regain lost territory from past years. When some men in a town or community joined the army, others who had not joined felt obligated to less they be humiliated and practically banished from the town.

22. Assassination of the Archduke Occurred on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia Franz Ferdinand, Archduke and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife Sophie were killed while visiting imperial troops The killer, Gavrilo Princip fired two shots at the Archduke’s limo on it’s way to a hospital A first attempt involving grenades by other assassins against the Archduke’s life had failed Led to Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war against Serbia The Victims The Victims ** The AssassinThe Assassin

23. The Victims Franz Ferdinand 1863 – 1914 Was a supporter of freedom to all ethnic groups in the Empire Tensions rose as neighboring Serbia attempted to establish its empire despite numerous confrontations from Austria-Hungary Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg 1863 – 1914 According to Gavrilo Princip, her bullet was intended for General Oskar Potiorek, who was also there

24. The Assassin Gavrilo Princip 1894 – 1918 Was 19 when he killed Ferdinand and Sophie One of six members of the Black Hand society to take part in the plot, which was a secret association with the intention of uniting territories annexed by Austria-Hungary The war began soon after the assassination Died in prison of tuberculosis

26. War Breaks Out – June 28, 1914 The assassination of the Archduke was the straw that broke the camel’s back as the first world war commenced and alliance systems soon went into place.