1. Section 4 Slavery and Secession Why did the South secede?

2. Dred Scott lives in Illinois and Wisconsin for 5 years – free states. He argues he has become free by living there. Supreme Court, led by Roger B. Taney, decides….. Slaves cannot sue in court b/c they are not full citizens Slaves are private property, govt. cannot take away property w/o due process HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES: Kansas-Nebraska Act, Missouri Compromise, and Compromise of 1850 are now UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

3. President Buchanan, a Southern sympathizer, endorses the Lecompton Constitution of Kansas. WHY??? Kansas is now a Free-soiler state by 10 to 1!!! Stephen Douglas, a Democrat, sees this as a gross violation of popular sovereignty Congress to authorize a new referendum (=vote) in Kansas. Kansas passes a anti-slavery constitution under the new vote. Douglas’ actions tear the Democratic party into two: Northern Democrats and Southern Democrats.

4. Debate for same Senate seat for Illinois. Lincoln challenges Douglas to 7 open-air debates. KEY ISSUE: slavery in the territories Douglas = popular sovereignty should decide the issue (slavery will whither away). Lincoln = slavery will not wither away, but must be stopped from spreading. Lincoln: “What about Dred Scott v. Sanford?” Douglas: “Freeport Doctrine, suggests that states/people can “work around” the ruling.” WHAT WAS THE IMPACT ON LINCOLN’S CAEER FROM THESE DEBATES??

5. October 16, 1859 – John Brown and 18 men attempt to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Their intent = start a slave rebellion in Virginia. They fail. Stopped by local militia and Col. Robert E. Lee’s US marines. Brown is tried for treason in a VA court and hung on Dec. 2, 1859. Brown becomes a martyr to Northern Abolitionists. South believes Northern abolitionists are trying to start slave rebellions. More talk of secession.

6. John Brown (1800-1859) was an abolitionist who took direct action to free slaves by force. Following his raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, in mid-October 1859, he was convicted of treason, conspiracy, and murder. One of the most controversial abolitionists, Brown was regarded by some as a martyr and by others as a common assassin. … Ralph Waldo Emerson said that Brown's death would "make the gallows as glorious as the cross." This image shows a heroic Brown … as he walks to his execution on December 2, 1859. John Brown, The Martyr New York: Currier and Ives, 1870 http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afa m007.html#jbrown

8. Republicans hold their national convention in 1860. Everyone expects Sen. Seward to be nominated. Seward, however, has made too many aggressive anti-slavery remarks. How did people know about Lincoln? Democrats are split into North and South, weakening the party. Know-nothings and others form the Constitutional Union Party, which takes away votes from the Democrats Lincoln wins the election.

10. Lincoln wins every Northern state and NOT ONE Southern state. Southerners feel they have lost their voice in the national government. To protect their states’ rights they secede. Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes, followed by Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida and Texas. These 7 form the Confederate States of America. President Buchanan does NOTHING. The Nation waits: What will Lincoln do when he takes office?

12. Pro or Anti SlaveryReasons why Pro or Anti- Slavery Dred Scott decision Lecompton Constitution Debate Douglas; Debates Lincoln; Debates Harpers Ferry John Brown’s Hanging Election of Lincoln Secession

13. Pro or Anti SlaveryReasons why Pro or Anti- Slavery Dred Scott decisionPro Missouri Compromise/1850/ Kansas Nebraska Act unconstitutional Lecompton Constitution Debate Anti Proslavery government voted down twice in Kansas Douglas; DebatesPro Wanted Popular Sovereignty in the territories Lincoln; DebatesAntiSlavery is immoral, would not go away Harpers Ferry ProJohn Brown- tried to start a slave revolt and fails John Brown’s Hanging Anti Gov. hung Brown for trying to start the revolt = Brown become Martyr in the North Election of LincolnAntiLincoln was going to stop the expansion of slavery SecessionProSouth would fight to preserve slavery

14. CHRONOLOGICAL 1787 1861 MOST RESPONSIBLE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

15. Abraham Lincoln Dred Scott Roger B. Taney Freeport Doctrine Harpers Ferry Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis