1. Secession

2. Introduction  The decision of the Supreme Court on the Dred Scott Case will allow for the spread of slavery across all of the territories of the United States  Despite this win for slave states, events like John Brown’s Raid and the Election of Lincoln in 1860 will push them toward secession  Secession: To formally withdraw from the Union

3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin ◦ Top Selling book of the 19 th Century (except Bible) Book describes slavery in the South in dramatic detail

4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Stowe’s book was fiction, she never traveled to the South Significance: Southerners will see this as an attack on their livelihood while Northerners become more aware of slavery

5. The Travels of Dred Scott Slave State Free State Free Territory

6. The Dred Scott Decision Supreme Court Response Supreme Court Response ◦ Three key issues that the Supreme Court had to decide 1.Was Scott a citizen of the U.S.? 2.Does time spent on free soil cause freedom? 3.Do State governments or the National government have the right to decide where slavery can exist?

7. The Dred Scott Decision The court ruled against Dred Scott (6-3), many of the justices were Southern ◦ Decision by the Court: 1.African Americans (free or slave) were not citizens and thus did not have rights 2.Slaves are considered property so their owners can take them anywhere and they will remain a slave 3.the National Government does not have the right to ban slavery because it violates property rights

8. John Brown’s Raid John Brown was an abolitionist who wanted to end slavery by any means necessary In Kansas, Brown killed many slave owners during “Bleeding Kansas” Brown believed that by arming slaves he would start a slave rebellion and end slavery

9. John Brown’s Raid Brown targeted a federal weapons arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia ◦ The plan: Steal the weapons and give them to slaves ◦ The slaves never showed up, Brown was surrounded by soldiers led by Robert E. Lee After a brief fight, Brown and his men surrendered

10. John Brown’s Raid Brown is convicted of murder and treason and is executed Significance: Northerners viewed Brown as a hero while Southerners saw him as a traitor and worry other Northerners will try to violently free slaves

11. The Election of 1860 Democratic Party split into two ◦ North wanted Stephen Douglas ◦ South wanted John C. Breckinridge Constitutional Union Party: John Bell Republican: Abraham Lincoln

12. The Election of 1860 Ultimately, Lincoln won only 40% of the popular vote ◦ Lincoln did not carry a single southern state ◦ If the Democratic Party did not split, Lincoln might have lost Many Southerners feared that Lincoln would abolish slavery

13. Confederate States of America In response to Lincoln’s election, the Southern states begin to secede. On December 17, 1860, South Carolina secedes (1 st state) Within two months Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas secede from the US. These states form the Confederate States of America ◦ Elect Jefferson Davis president