1. CULTURAL LEARNING: NON- VERBALS AND MEANING Lecture 4a COMMUNICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE

2. Deep Cultural Learning: Review THE SOCIAL ORDER THE SOCIAL ORDER VALUES - DEEPLY HELF BELIEFS ABOUT WHAT’S RIGHT, TRUE, PROPER VALUES - DEEPLY HELF BELIEFS ABOUT WHAT’S RIGHT, TRUE, PROPER NORMS - RULES FOR BEHAVIOR IN SITUATIONS - REFLECT LARGER VALUES NORMS - RULES FOR BEHAVIOR IN SITUATIONS - REFLECT LARGER VALUES INCLUDING INCLUDING 1. VALUE CENTERED - WHAT’S RIGHT/WRONG -MORES1. VALUE CENTERED - WHAT’S RIGHT/WRONG -MORES 2. BEHAVIOR CENTERED - WHAT’S NORMAL2. BEHAVIOR CENTERED - WHAT’S NORMAL FOR EXAMPLE “WHAT’S A NORMAL PROPER CONVERSATION FOR EXAMPLE “WHAT’S A NORMAL PROPER CONVERSATION APPROPRIATE QUANTITYAPPROPRIATE QUANTITY RELEVANCERELEVANCE APPROPRIATE MANNERAPPROPRIATE MANNER

3. Deep Cultural Learning: Review Symbolic expression Symbolic expression Means of communication (including language)Means of communication (including language) Every society has a lexicon or list of agreed- upon names for objects, ideas Every society has a lexicon or list of agreed- upon names for objects, ideas Sound Symbols- arbitrarily attached meaningsSound Symbols- arbitrarily attached meanings Denotation Denotation The basic, shared meanings or primary meaning of wordsThe basic, shared meanings or primary meaning of words Connotation Connotation Person or group-specific meanings for words. Emotional, subjective, secondary meaningsPerson or group-specific meanings for words. Emotional, subjective, secondary meanings

4. Denotation, Connotation and Stereotypes People seem to need to talk about others in terms of their gender identities and racial origins so he provides a vocabulary of inoffensive labels. People seem to need to talk about others in terms of their gender identities and racial origins so he provides a vocabulary of inoffensive labels. To reduce psychological noise To reduce psychological noise So people will listenSo people will listen Meanings are in peopleMeanings are in people If we use words at a high level of generality which our group accepts but that can irritate or even emotionally inflame another group of people…. If we use words at a high level of generality which our group accepts but that can irritate or even emotionally inflame another group of people…. Conflict not shared meaning Conflict not shared meaning That’s only half of our deep cultural learning That’s only half of our deep cultural learning

5. CULTURE LEARNING: NON- VERBAL BEHAVIOR

6. NON-VERBALS AND MEANING Video Example

7. NON-VERBALS AND MEANING Video Example

8. NON-VERBALS AS MESSAGES MOST OF MEANING IN FACE-TO-FACE TALK IS IN THE WAY WE TALK NOT THE WORDS MOST OF MEANING IN FACE-TO-FACE TALK IS IN THE WAY WE TALK NOT THE WORDS BETWEEN 65 - 93% OF MEANING BETWEEN 65 - 93% OF MEANING NON-VERBALS ALTER VERBAL MESSAGES NON-VERBALS ALTER VERBAL MESSAGES REPLACE (SUBSTITUTE)- EMBLEMS REPLACE (SUBSTITUTE)- EMBLEMS REINFORCE (ACCENT)- ILLUSTRATORS REINFORCE (ACCENT)- ILLUSTRATORS COMPLEMENT COMPLEMENT CONTRADICT CONTRADICT REGULATE REGULATE NON-VERBALS COMMUNICATE EMOTIONS NON-VERBALS COMMUNICATE EMOTIONS

9. NON-VERBALS IN INTERACTION IT’S NOT ABOUTWHAT WE SAY BUT HOW WE SAY WHAT WE SAY -CONVERSATIONAL STYLE! IT’S NOT ABOUTWHAT WE SAY BUT HOW WE SAY WHAT WE SAY -CONVERSATIONAL STYLE! BODY RELATED BODY RELATED VOICE VOICE FACE FACE

10. BODY RELATED NON- VERBALS CLOTHING STYLE CLOTHING STYLE Video Example ADORNMENTADORNMENT POSTURE POSTURE WALK WALK GENDER GENDER SPATIAL DISTANCE SPATIAL DISTANCE

11. BODY RELATED NON- VERBALS CLOTHING STYLE CLOTHING STYLE ADORNMENTADORNMENT POSTURE POSTURE WALK WALK GENDER GENDER SPATIAL DISTANCE SPATIAL DISTANCE

12. PERSONAL SPACE INTIMATE - skin contact to 0.5 m INTIMATE - skin contact to 0.5 m PERSONAL - 0.5 m - 1.3 m PERSONAL - 0.5 m - 1.3 m SOCIAL-1.3m - 3.3 m SOCIAL-1.3m - 3.3 m PUBLIC - 3.3m TO LIMITS OF HEARING/VISION PUBLIC - 3.3m TO LIMITS OF HEARING/VISION

15. FEEL MAKES GOOD! YOU

17. HOW FUNNY WAS THIS? 3 VERY FUNNY 2 FUNNY 1 NOT VERY FUNNY

18. CULTURAL LEARNING: NON- VERBALS AND MEANING Lectures 4b COMMUNICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE

19. MORE BODY RELATED NON- VERBALS TOUCH TOUCH ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVALESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL PATTERNS OF TOUCHING PATTERNS OF TOUCHING CULTURE CULTURE JAPANESE AND U.S. STUDENTS JAPANESE AND U.S. STUDENTS US STUDENTS TWICE AS MUCH AND TWICE AS US STUDENTS TWICE AS MUCH AND TWICE AS ACCESSIBLE ACCESSIBLE GENDER GENDER MORE SAME-SEX TOUCHING THAN MEN MORE SAME-SEX TOUCHING THAN MEN FEMALES MORE FAVOURABLE TO TOUCH FEMALES MORE FAVOURABLE TO TOUCH

20. FACIAL GESTURES: FACES EXPRESS EMOTION VIDEO EXAMPLE

21. FACIAL GESTURES: HOW FACES EXPRESS EMOTION

22. FACIAL EXPRESSION OF EMOTION

23. 12 3 4 WHAT DO YOU THINK EACH OF THESE FACES IS COMMMUNICATING?

24. EYE GAZE FUNCTIONS EYE GAZE FUNCTIONS MONITOR FEEDBACK MONITOR FEEDBACK MAINTAIN INTEREST AND ATTENTION MAINTAIN INTEREST AND ATTENTION SIGNAL CONVERSATIONAL TURN SIGNAL CONVERSATIONAL TURN SIGNAL NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP SIGNAL NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP

25. GAZE NORMS Behavior-specific, culture-wide norms about appropriate length of time for eye contact. Behavior-specific, culture-wide norms about appropriate length of time for eye contact. Average one-way gaze: North Am. culture is 2.95 secs. Average one-way gaze: North Am. culture is 2.95 secs. Mutual gaze the average time is 1.18 seconds Mutual gaze the average time is 1.18 seconds