1. PAST TENSES Martina Terranova, prof.

2. PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

3. Identify tenses in the following examples When I reached the front… PAST SIMPLE …the police had stopped the traffic. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE …two teenagers were walking along the street. PAST CONTINUOUS …I asked one of the cops a question. PAST SIMPLE

5. We use it:  to describe finished actions ex. The judge (start) the job in 1998. started  to tell the main events in a story in order ex. I (run) forward and (push) the crowd. ran pushed Time expressions yesterdaytwo days/months/years ago a month/year agolast night/Sunday when I was 5 in October/1996

6. PAST CONTINUOUS We use it: to describe things which were in progress at a specific time in the past ex. I (jog) at 10 o’clock last night. was jogging for temporary past situations ex. You (stay) in Ohio. were staying for longer actions interrupted by shorter ones ex. She (run) when she saw some people. was running

7. PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST CONTINUOUS Use the Past Simple, NOT the Past Continuous to talk about finished actions even if they lasted for a long time. ex. They spent 45 days in jail. NOT They were spending 45 days in jail.

8. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE FORM: had/hadn’t + past participle of the main verb ex. I (not see) him before that day. hadn’t seen We use it: o to talk about an action that happened before another action in the past ex.They were doing it because they (steal) a statue. had stolen

9. STOP AND CHECK Step 1Identify the tenses. Step 2Which activity happened before / after / at the same time? When we got to the court…. …the judge sentenced the criminals. after …the judge had sentenced the criminals. before …the judge was sentencing the criminals. at the same time

10. Let’s do some practice!

11. Check your answers! 1. When he crashed the car, a.he was driving at 160 kph. b.he had drunk six bottles of beer. c.an ambulance arrived and took him to hospital. 2. When the judge returned to the courtroom, a.everyone immediately stood up. b.she had made her decision. c.the journalists were still writing their reports.

12. 3. When she came out of the prison gate, a.she had learnt her lesson. b.her husband was waiting for her. c.she kissed her husband and then they went home.