1. Participle

2. Present participle in different form Simple form Perfect form activedoingHaving done passiveBeing done Having been done

3. Present participle ---usage  To describe a continuous action  People are running out of a burning building  For active statement  The man giving the lecture is my uncle.  To describe a feeling  The programme was boring

4. Past participle  Verbs ending in ed,en etc.

5. Past participle --usuage  To describe a completed action  The fire victim looked sadly upon their burnt houses.  For passive statements  The lecture given by my uncle caused much controversy.  To describe someone’s feeling  We were bored with the programme

6. The present participle also used as an adverb or part of an adverbial phrase  When an action occurs while the another action is in progress  She hurt her leg while playing tennis  For two actions which happen at the same time  He stood at the entrance of Sogo waiting for his girlfriend.  When one action happens immediately after  Hearing the crash, they rushed out to see what happened  When an action is reported before another using its perfect form  Having checked his e-mail, he started doing his homework

7. To express a reason for an action, event or situation  Being unwell, Tony took a day off  As Tony is unwell, he took a day off.  Not knowing what to do, I ask for her advice.  Since I did not know what to do, I ask for her advice.  It being late, she decided not to call him back