1. Fascism and Nazism World History - LHS

2. Fascism Characteristics –Political philosophy that raises nationalism (& often race) above the individual –Government is centralized –Government headed by a dictator –Strict organization of the economy, society –Aggressive repression of opposition –Fascism is generally anti- religious (competition)

3. Fascism & the Economy Central planning of economy –Nationalization of key industries –Massive state spending on infrastructure –Price & wage controls Private property allowed, but was dependent on owner helping state Destroyed labor unions b/c they were “economically inefficient” (& pro-communist)

4. Fascism and Society Social Darwinism prevailed Promoted the “superior” individual to weed out the weak

5. Fascism and Foreign Policy Anti-Communist –Fascism sought support of both workers and the rich Anti-Democratic –Democracy gave power to all, including the weak

6. The Rise of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party Party started at the end of WWI –Stab in the back theory of loss of WWI (Jews, non Germans) –Other causes of rise of Party Lack of patriotism French seizure of Ruhr Valley, 1923-25

7. Nazi Ideology Belief in superiority of “Aryan” race (Germans) Strong centralized gov’t necessary to protect Germany from Jews, Communists Anti-Semitism = anti Jewish sentiment (inferior race)

8. Lebensraum: “Living Space” Need for lebensraum, at expense of USSR

9. Adolf Hitler Corporal in German Army, in WWI Joined Nazi Party in 1919; became leader in 1921 1923: “Beer Hall Putsch” –Attempt to overthrow gov’t –Many Nazi’s thrown in jail, incl. Hitler –Wrote Mein Kampf (”My Struggle”) while in prison, in 1925

10. Nazis Takeover Germany 1920s to early 1930s –Continued electoral success in Reichstag (German Parliament) 1932 –Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany, by President Hindenberg –Ordered immediate secret rearming of Germany

11. Nazis Takeover Germany 1933: Fire in Reichstag building –Hitler persuaded Hindenberg to sign emergency decree suspending civil liberties –Law passed giving Hitler dictatorial powers –Law passed abolishing all political parties except Nazis

12. Nazis Take Over Germany 1934: “Night of the Long Knives” (Hitler killed 3000 Nazi rivals) 1935: Nuremburg Laws (legal basis for repression of Jews)

13. The Road to World War II 1935: Hitler officially rejected Versailles Treaty March 1938: Anschluss (Annexation) of Austria

14. The Road to World War II Sept. 1938: Occupation of Sudetenland (W. Czechoslovakia) Seized rest of Czech. in 1939

15. Road to World War II Nov. 1938: Kristallnacht –Coordinated attacks across Germany vs Jews –Killed 91, 200k into concentration camps –Destroyed 1000s of businesses, temples –Beginning of Holocaust

16. Road to World War II Aug. 1939: Molotov Ribbentrop Non- Aggression Pact –Germany, USSR enter into agreement –Both agree to trade treaties –Both agree to secretly divide E. Europe between them Sept. 1939: Invasion of Poland