1. Chapter 5: Causes of the Civil War Core Lesson 3: Compromise and Conflict

2. Would Slavery Spread? Congress had to decide whether to allow slavery in new territories and states. Louisiana Purchase and Mexican War = new land – Became territories and with large enough population became states Slave state vs. free state chosen by Congress – Slave state = state that permitted slavery – Free state = state that did not have slavery

3. Would Slavery Spread? Compromises in Congress – North and South each wanted more representatives in Congress to get more states on their side of slavery – Missouri Compromise (1820) MO wanted to join Union (another name for United States) as slave state MO = slave but Maine = free Invisible line to separate slave and free states

4. Would Slavery Spread? – Compromise of 1850 Used popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue – Idea that people who live in a place make decisions for themselves Territories decided for themselves to be slave or free – Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Allowed for popular sovereignty Upset North b/c Kansas was above the imaginary line of the Missouri Compromise Northerners and Southerners rushed to live there in order to vote for their side 1861 – Kansas joined Union as a free state

5. Would Slavery Spread? Review: What compromises did Congress make as the nation grew?

6. The Growing Crisis Events in the 1850s made the split between the North and South worse Fugitive Slave Law – Part of Compromise of 1850 – Fugitive = a person who is running away – Ordered citizens to help catch fugitives (who must be returned to slavery)

7. The Growing Crisis Harriet Beecher Stowe – New England writer against Fugitive Slave Act – Uncle Tom’s Cabin book about cruelty of slavery Convinced many Northerners that slavery was wrong Southerners insisted her picture of slavery was false

8. The Growing Crisis Dred Scott – Missouri slave who asked the Supreme Court for his freedom (1857) – Once lived in IL and WI (both free) – Court ruling: he was property so it did not matter where he live Gov’t couldn’t keep slavery out of any territory b/c it would prevent owners from moving their property – Victory for slaveowners as it meant slavery had to be legal in all territories

9. The Growing Crisis John Brown’s Raid (1859) – John Brown abolitionist Led a rebellion against slavery – Attacked U.S. Army post at Harpers Ferry, Virginia – Soldiers surrounded and captured him – Tried for treason, guilty, and hanged – Viewed as hero in North but violent man in the South By 1860, North and South were deeply divided

10. The Growing Crisis Review: Why did John Brown attack Harpers Ferry?

11. Why it Matters… Over time, it became much harder for Americans to compromise over slavery. This conflict started to split the nation.