1. Civil War In France (1562-1598)

2. The Valois Family: The Beginning of the End  Henri II was the last powerful Valois  Dies in 1559 of a jousting wound  Three weak sons followed:  Francis II  Charles IX  Henri III

3. Francis II & His Wife, Mary Stuart Married in 1558 to then Queen of Scotts and dies in 1560. Dies of complications of an ear infection, an abscess. Her uncles were members of the Guise family.

4. Charles IX dies in 1574. Charles IX dies in 1574. Henry III takes the throne but does not produce an heir. Henry III takes the throne but does not produce an heir. Catholic League: Catholic League: Guises worry he won’t get rid of Protestantism and so they elicit the help of Philip II. Guises worry he won’t get rid of Protestantism and so they elicit the help of Philip II. 1588 he has 2 of Guises killed. 1588 he has 2 of Guises killed. He is stabbed by a fanatical monk in 1589 He is stabbed by a fanatical monk in 1589.

5.  controlled the sons:  Was mother to the boys, relative of the pope  Played both sides in the civil war  Developed a reputation for cruelty  Take care of the “protestant” problem (Kill Them)

6. Bourbons were close relatives of the French king. They were next in line if there was no heir. Guises wanted to block the Bourbon attempt to assume the throne. (very militant) King Henry II dies in a tournament in 1559. Charles IX takes the throne with Catherine de Medici as regent.

7. The French Civil War  There were two sides:  Guise family led Catholics in North  Bourbon family led Huguenots in South  Fighting for the royal inheritance  Catherine supported the Guises in the first phase.  St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre  August 24, 1572  20,000 Huguenots were killed  Henri of Navarre, a Bourbon, survived

8. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

9. “...the streets and ways did resound with the noise of those that flocked to the slaughter and plunder, and the complaints and doleful out-cries of dying men, and those that were nigh to danger were every where heard. The carkasses of the slain were thrown down from the windows, the Courts & chambers of houses were full of dead men, their dead bodies rolled in dirt were dragged through the streets, bloud did flow in such abundance through the chanels of the streets, that full streams of bloud did run down into the River: the number of the slain men, women, even those that were great with child, and children also, was innumerable.”* “...the streets and ways did resound with the noise of those that flocked to the slaughter and plunder, and the complaints and doleful out-cries of dying men, and those that were nigh to danger were every where heard. The carkasses of the slain were thrown down from the windows, the Courts & chambers of houses were full of dead men, their dead bodies rolled in dirt were dragged through the streets, bloud did flow in such abundance through the chanels of the streets, that full streams of bloud did run down into the River: the number of the slain men, women, even those that were great with child, and children also, was innumerable.”* * Jacques-Auguste de Thou's History of the Bloody Massacres of the Protestants in France in the year of our Lord, 1572 (London, 1674). The writer was a young man at the time of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, parts of which he witnessed. De Thou helped to draft the Edict of Nantes, which (briefly) granted toleration to the Huguenots in France. He goes on,

10. 3 days of fighting and 3,000. 10,000 at the end of 6 weeks. Catherine de' Medici received the congratulations of all the Catholic powers, and Pope Gregory XIII ordered bonfires lighted and the singing of the Te Deum. Indeed, the Pope's joy was so great that he commanded a gold medal to be minted, with the inscription, "Slaughter [strages] of the Huguenots." Huguenots now claimed their right to resist tyranical leaders. Going to bring about Constitutionalism.

11. The French Civil War  Catherine started supporting the Bourbons.  Henri of Navarre defeated Catholic League & becomes Henry IV of France.  Effects of Civil War:  France was left divided by religion  Royal power had weakened  Valois family now replaced by Bourbons Catholic League Protestant Union CIVIL WAR

12. Triumphal Entry of Henry IV Into Paris – Peter Paul Reubens

13. Henry IV :(December 13, 1553-May 14, 1610) The first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty in France. Henry IV :(December 13, 1553-May 14, 1610) The first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty in France. The Guises formed the Catholic league and solicited the help of Philip II to overthrow Henry. The Guises formed the Catholic league and solicited the help of Philip II to overthrow Henry. Converted from Huguenot to Catholic to become king of France. Involved in the Wars of Religion. Converted from Huguenot to Catholic to become king of France. Involved in the Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes: guaranteed religious liberties to the Protestants and which ended the civil war. Edict of Nantes: guaranteed religious liberties to the Protestants and which ended the civil war. Began the selling of offices. ‘nobility of the robe’ Began the selling of offices. ‘nobility of the robe’ One of the most popular French kings, both during and after his reign, Henry showed great care for the welfare of his subjects and displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the time. One of the most popular French kings, both during and after his reign, Henry showed great care for the welfare of his subjects and displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the time. He was murdered by a fanatical Catholic, Francois Ravaillac. He was murdered by a fanatical Catholic, Francois Ravaillac.

14.  Ended Spanish interference in France  Converted to Catholicism :  Did this to compromise and make peace  Paris is worth a mass.  This was an example of politique [the interest of the state comes first before any religious considerations]  Fighting for the royal inheritance  Henri le grand.  Passed Edict of Nantes in 1598:  Granted religious rights to Huguenots  Did not grant religious freedom for all Henry IV of France