2. Japanese expansion until 1941 1931, invasion of Manchuria with plans to take southeast Asia 1931, invasion of Manchuria with plans to take southeast Asia 1937 capture Nanking, embarking on deadly rampage killing 200,000 Chinese 1937 capture Nanking, embarking on deadly rampage killing 200,000 Chinese 1941, Japan intended to invade Dutch East Indies for its resources to build military 1941, Japan intended to invade Dutch East Indies for its resources to build military 1941 Roosevelt announced a trade embargo against Japan to stop its military build up 1941 Roosevelt announced a trade embargo against Japan to stop its military build up

3. Pearl Harbor

4. Attack on Pearl Harbor “a date that will live in infamy.” December 7, 1941, Sunday morning December 7, 1941, Sunday morning 183 Japanese aircraft 183 Japanese aircraft Sank or disabled 18 ships, including all battleships Sank or disabled 18 ships, including all battleships Killed 2,400 Americans Killed 2,400 Americans Wounded 1,000 Wounded 1,000

5. USS Arizona and aerial photo taken by a Japanese pilot

8. Declaration of War December 8, 1941, Congress declared war on Japan December 8, 1941, Congress declared war on Japan December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the US in support of Japan because of the pact of 1940 December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the US in support of Japan because of the pact of 1940 “Tripartite Pact” a defensive alliance 1940 “Tripartite Pact” a defensive alliance 1940

9. General Hideki Tojo Japanese general, a militarist who seized control of government in October 1941. He has been considered most influential in attacking Pearl Harbor. Japanese general, a militarist who seized control of government in October 1941. He has been considered most influential in attacking Pearl Harbor.

10. Emperor Hirohito Royal Emperor of Japan Royal Emperor of Japan

11. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Japan’s leading military strategist who urged quick action to take the South Pacific before America could act Japan’s leading military strategist who urged quick action to take the South Pacific before America could act

12. Philippines If Japan captured the Philippines early in the war, it would dominate the entire South Pacific, expanding its goal of a Japan-controlled Asia. If Japan captured the Philippines early in the war, it would dominate the entire South Pacific, expanding its goal of a Japan-controlled Asia. Japan assaulted the Philippines early in 1942. Japan assaulted the Philippines early in 1942. American commander General Douglas MacArthur was forced to retreat to Australia. American commander General Douglas MacArthur was forced to retreat to Australia. He left behind part of his army who, along with Filipino soldiers, were captured He left behind part of his army who, along with Filipino soldiers, were captured

13. General Douglas MacArthur

14. The Bataan Death March began on April 9, 1942 when 70,000 Filipino and American troops surrendered to Japanese troops on the Bataan Peninsula. General MacArthur left thousands of troops behind. The Bataan Death March began on April 9, 1942 when 70,000 Filipino and American troops surrendered to Japanese troops on the Bataan Peninsula. General MacArthur left thousands of troops behind. The 65-mile march to a concentration camp cost an unknown number of lives. The 65-mile march to a concentration camp cost an unknown number of lives. 16,000 died in the camp 16,000 died in the camp

15. Bataan Death March

17. US strategy in the Pacific Recapture Philippine Islands and help China combat the Japanese Recapture Philippine Islands and help China combat the Japanese Island hopping, one by one to get close enough to attack Japan itself Island hopping, one by one to get close enough to attack Japan itself –Battle of Midway, June 1942 –Guadalcanal August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 –New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Gilbert and Marshall Islands, Tarawa –23 to 26 October 1944, Allies invaded Philippines, three-day battle of Leyte Gulf, generally considered to be the largest naval battle of WWII, and perhaps in history; objective of allies was to deprive its Japan of vital oil supplies; –Iwo Jima, February 19 – March 26, 1945; –Okinawa; carried out organized kamikaze attacks;

19. Midway, June 3-6, 1942 Reversed the balance of naval power in the Pacific, and put Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war Reversed the balance of naval power in the Pacific, and put Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war Japan lost four aircraft carriers, one cruiser, two destroyers Japan lost four aircraft carriers, one cruiser, two destroyers US lost one aircraft carrier and one destroyer US lost one aircraft carrier and one destroyer This battle turned the tide of the war toward the US This battle turned the tide of the war toward the US Japan never recovered its Naval power Japan never recovered its Naval power

20. Battle of Midway flight deck of the USS Yorktown

21. USS Enterprise

22. Guadalcanal USS Wasp, hit by Japanese torpedo

23. From defense to offense Objective: deny the Japanese the use of islands as bases because it threatened supply routes between the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand; Objective: deny the Japanese the use of islands as bases because it threatened supply routes between the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand; marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to the strategic offensive in that theater marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to the strategic offensive in that theater

24. Guadalcanal US Marines

25. US marine, Saipan

26. Leyte Gulf

27. Battle of Leyte Gulf

28. Iwo Jima, 1945 –The photograph records the second flag-raising on the mountain, which took place on the fifth day of the 35-day battle. The picture became the iconic image of the battle and has been heavily reproduced.

29. Iwo Jima

30. Hiroshima, rare photo taken after the atomic bomb had been dropped