1. ES2307: Progressive Education Week 5 Progressive Education and Gender Tutor: Joan Walton

2.  Women such as Sarah Trimmer and Hannah More, who educated poorer classes when not seen as acceptable to do so – but emphasised religious instruction and the concept of ‘sin’

3.  Seen as antidote to Rousseau  Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787) – described desired attributes of young girls  Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)  Maria: or the Wrongs of Woman (1798) – strong critique of marriage.  Time of French Revolution – defended individual liberty, freedom and anarchy

4.  Founded by Burgh: “Burgh held that a girl should know just enough arithmetic to do household accounts, and just enough geography to converse with her husband and his friends. Boys were generally trained to block tenderness as a form of weakness. The only emotion Burgh encouraged was patriotism.” Gordon, L. (2005) Vindication: A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft. London: Virago.

5. “Mary Wollstonecraft ran her school along entirely different and what were then innovative lines: she had a maternal attentiveness to the physical as well as mental needs of a child; she was committed to wholesome food and her methods were flexible…She did believe in moral discipline, but not in the first place as a set of rules to be enforced.” Gordon, op.cit. p. 45

6.  Her ideas did not take place in an ideological vacuum  Other women before her had considered the idea of equality – educational and otherwise  For example, Catherine Macaulay and Elizabeth Montagu had shown positive role women could play in being part of intelligentsia  Belief that well-educated women would produce good families

7.  Educational equality through the cultivation of reason and moral necessity was necessary to maintain harmonious society.  However, not linked to ideas of educational and individual freedom.  In this respect, not progressive education

8.  Seen as originator of progressive pedagogy, in relation to its development by women  Did not adhere to the idea of the innocent romantic child v original sin-laden puritanical child  One of first female progressive pedagogues to put ideas into practice – in Palgrave Academy  Focused on more practical subjects and sciences, rather than Greek and Latin  Emphasised democratic practices  Integrated children from different backgrounds

9. How to reconcile path of rational progress, with the kind of society that was created and the character and education of its future citizens?  Rousseau’s response through Emile  Wollstencroft through educating girls and boys together  Barbauld – the role of a good citizen should be created through learning in school to be of active and direct benefit to others. Wrote Lessons for Childhood (1778)