1. South Africa Invictus

2. Literally means “apartness” in Afrikaans Literally racism made into law Institutionalized segregation made into law in 1948 when the Akfrikaaner National Party was in power (a bunch of white dudes). South Africans were classified by race and given rights based on that race Bantu (black African), White, or Coloured (mixed) The “whiter” you were the more rights you had

3. The earliest European settlers in South Africa in the 1600’s were Dutch (Boers, is the Dutch word for farmer), followed by British who eventually gained control of the area. Called themselves “Afrikaners” and spoke “Afrikaan” The British abolished slavery in 1833, Dutch moved farther north—referred to as the “GROOT TREK” Moved into the savannahs—referred to as outback There they discovered Gold and Diamonds so the British claimed that too—Boer Wars (1899-1902)— British Won

4. 1910 Union of South Africa—all colonies united and declare an independent South Africa Natives Land Act of 1913—blacks could live in only 8% of the country, the rest “belonged” to the whites Whites Only—1948 Afrikaners gained control of the government Believed they were “God’s chosen people” while the natives were subordinate. New racist POLICIES APARTHEID: means “apartness”—they wanted the blacks separated from them.

5. Blacks (Africans): NO RIGHTS denied citizenship (right to vote)—71% of population! Whites (European heritage): ALL RIGHTS—kept them in control—16% Coloreds (mixed race): SOME rights– 10% of population Asians (India): SOME rights—3% of population

6. Blacks were denied citizenship, access to public restrooms, libraries, etc. 1953—Reservation of Separate Amenities Act: segregated parks, buses, libraries, theatres, restaurants, post office entrances, beaches and so on. Separate townships were set up—based on ethnic group (blacks given the poor rural areas) This became your hometown whether or not you had ever been there (their real hometowns were given to the whites). These were known as “black spots.” Coloreds and Asians were denied many basic rights

8. African National Congress (ANC)—leader Nelson Mandela Charged with “high treason” found not guilty Later arrested again and sentenced to LIFE IN PRISON Served 28 years and was released in 1990 by De Klerk De Klerk passed legislation that tore down Apartheid system 1994 the first free election where blacks (the majority) are allowed to vote Nelson Mandela elected President of South Africa South African Tutu Commission—led by Rev. Desmond Tutu to forgive those who persecuted natives during Apartheid

10. South Africa still remains a divided society—blacks and whites typically live in different neighborhoods, less paying jobs because whites controlled biggest businesses and newspapers, half of population still lives below the poverty level Highest rates of HIV in the world—20% of adult population is HIV positive New constitution grounded in Human Rights, free press including newspapers, radio, and television stations.

11. 1. AIDS is not only the worst health calamity since the Middle Ages, but likely the worst of what? 2. How many people world-wide have AIDS? How many in Sub-Saharan Africa? 3. Because of AIDS, by 2010 southern Africa will have how many fewer people? 4. When and where was AIDS first identified? 5. What factors contribute to the spread of AIDS? 6. By 2010 (this year) how many AIDS orphans will there be in Africa?