1. Introduction to Biology

2. Section 1

3.  Biology and Society Biology  The study of life

4. Visual Concept Biology

5.  REACH & GO Response to Stimuli & Reproduction Energy (Metabolism) Adaptation (DNA) Cells Homeostasis Growth and development Organization

6.  Response to Stimuli Stimulus - a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment.

7.  Reproduction Living organisms pass on hereditary information  from parents to offspring  called reproduction.

8.  The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring.  Genes (made of DNA) on the chromosomes are passed to offspring.

9.  Energy Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions  Energy and materials are taken in and transformed

10.  Adaptation Through Time Populations of living organisms evolve or change through time.

11. Visual Concept Evolution

12.  Cells A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all life’s processes. Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells  show a hierarchy of organization  going from the organism to the atom.

13.  Homeostasis All living things have mechanisms that allow them to maintain stable internal conditions. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions  even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.

14.  Growth and Development The growth of living things results from the division and enlargement of cells. Development is the process by which an organism becomes a mature adult.

15.  Organization Organization is the high degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts  also includes interactions with the living world.

16.  REACH & GO Without using your notes, write out what REACH & GO stands for. Compare it with the person sitting next to you.

17.  Stand Up and walk around your row.

18. Section 2

19.  Scientist investigate the natural world using inductive reasoning and experimentation.  Inductive reasoning – reaching a conclusion based on observation.

20.  Unity in the Diversity of Life  Life is so diverse, or full of variety. Yet, life is also characterized by unity, or features that all living things have in common.

21.  Unity in the Diversity of Life  The tree of life shows that all living things have descended with modification from a single common ancestor. Yet, there are many different lineages, or branches, representing different species.

22. Phylogenetic Diagram of Living Organisms

23.  Three Domains of Life  The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.  The six kingdoms include Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

24.  Evolution, or descent with modification, is the process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations.  Natural selection drives change in species, creating the diversity of life on Earth.

25. Visual Concept Natural Selection

26.  Life requires energy, which flows for the sun to plants and then to other organisms.

27.  Ecosystems and individual organisms maintain dynamic balance through feedback systems.

28.  Organisms exist in a delicate web of relationships with each other and the environment.

29.  Down to the molecular level, the individual structures of life forms enable them to function efficiently.

30.  The genetic code maintains the continuity of species over many generations, but also allows for gradual change.

31.  Scientific research often leads to technological innovations that can transform society.

32. Section 3

33.  Steps of the Scientific Method Collecting observations Asking questions Forming hypotheses / making predictions Designing Experiments Analyzing Data Drawing conclusions

34. Visual Concept Scientific Method

35.  The process of science begins with an observation. Observation  perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question.

36.  A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions.

37.  Predicting To test a hypothesis, scientists make a prediction that logically follows from the hypothesis.

38.  Performing the Experiment A controlled experiment compares an experimental group and a control group and only has one variable.

39. Visual Concept Controlled Experiment and Variable

40.  Performing the Experiment The control group provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group. The experimental group is identical to the control group except for one factor.

41.  Performing the Experiment The control group provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group. The experimental group is identical to the control group except for one factor.

42. Visual Concept Independent and Dependent Variables

43.  Testing the Experiment Experiments should be conducted without bias and they should be repeated.

44.  Analyzing and Comparing Data Scientists analyze data to draw conclusions about the experiment performed.

45.  Making Inferences An inference is a conclusion made on the basis of facts and previous knowledge rather than on direct observations.

46.  Applying Results and Building Models Scientists often apply their findings about the natural world to solve practical problems.

47.  A theory is a set of related hypotheses confirmed to be true many times, and it can explain a great amount of data.

48.  Publishing a Paper Scientists submit research papers to scientific journals for publication. In peer review, the editors of a journal will send submitted papers out to experts in the field who anonymously read and critique the paper.

49.  Communication between scientists about their methods and results helps prevent dishonesty and bias in science.

50.  Conflict of Interest The threat of a potential scandal based on misleading data or conclusions is a powerful force in science that helps keep scientists honest and fair.

51.  Base and Other Units Scientists use a single, standard system of measurement, called the metric system. The official name of the metric system is Système International d’Unités or SI.

52.  Base and Other Units The metric system has seven base units.