2. Stalinism By Mr. Stankus

3. THE BIG QUESTION

4. WHAT IS STALINISM? Stalinism is a “Communist” style of government created in the Soviet Union (Russia) under the dictatorship of Josef Stalin.Stalinism is a “Communist” style of government created in the Soviet Union (Russia) under the dictatorship of Josef Stalin. Who was Stalin?Who was Stalin?

5. JOSEF STALIN: "THE MAN OF STEEL" Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), or properly Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili Communist Dictator of USSR after Lenin (1929-1953) O great Stalin, O leader of the peoples, Thou who broughtest man to birth. Thou who fructifies the earth, Thou who restorest to centuries, Thou who makest bloom the spring, Thou who makest vibrate the musical chords... Thou, splendour of my spring, O thou, Sun reflected by millions of hearts. ---A. O.Avidenko

6. THE COMMUNIST PARTY The only political party allowed.The only political party allowed. The party was controlled by its executive arm - the Politburo.The party was controlled by its executive arm - the Politburo. Key members of the Politburo were: 1. Lenin - complete head 2. Trotsky - war commissar 3. Stalin - secretary-generalKey members of the Politburo were: 1. Lenin - complete head 2. Trotsky - war commissar 3. Stalin - secretary-general

7. STALIN TAKING OVER Lenin was wary of Stalin.Lenin was wary of Stalin. After Lenin's death in 1924, a power struggle took place between Trotsky and Stalin.After Lenin's death in 1924, a power struggle took place between Trotsky and Stalin. Trotsky wanted communistic revolutions world wide Comintern.Trotsky wanted communistic revolutions world wide Comintern. Stalin favored concentrating on building up the country.Stalin favored concentrating on building up the country.

8. STALIN IN POWER Stalin was in complete control of the USSR by 1929.Stalin was in complete control of the USSR by 1929. Stalin had Trotsky exiled in 1929. He was assassinated in Mexico in 1940.Stalin had Trotsky exiled in 1929. He was assassinated in Mexico in 1940.

9. STALIN’S PLANS

10. INDUSTRIAL Five Year PlansFive Year Plans –state planning stressing heavy industries, i.e., steel, machinery, electrical, and defense. Before W.W.II, the USSR was ranked #3 in industrial power behind the U.S. and Germany.Before W.W.II, the USSR was ranked #3 in industrial power behind the U.S. and Germany. Five Year Plans (1928-1940), saw a 400% increase in production.Five Year Plans (1928-1940), saw a 400% increase in production. Russia sacrificed consumer goods (luxuries).Russia sacrificed consumer goods (luxuries).

12. AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE collectivization of agriculturecollectivization of agriculture –regrouping peasants on collective and state farms. Stalin brutally prosecuted the kulaks (more prosperous farmers).Stalin brutally prosecuted the kulaks (more prosperous farmers). Perhaps 10 million people died in forced collectivization.Perhaps 10 million people died in forced collectivization.

13. COLLECTIVE FARMS OF THE USSR, 1929-1940 Year No. of collective farms in 1,000's Sown area of collect- ive farms, mill. h/acres % of collective sown area serviced by MTS 192957.04.2- 193085.938.127.4 1931211.179.037.1 1932211.191.549.3 1033224.693.658.7 1934233.398.663.9 1935245.4104.572.4 1936242.2110.582.8 1937243.7116.091.2 1938242.4117.293.3 1939241.1114.994.0 1940236.3117.694.5 (N.B. - The decrease in the numbers of collective farms after 1935 was due to the merging of small collective farms in a number of districts)

14. INTERNAL POLICIES INTERNAL POLICIES Stalin was ruthless to critics.Stalin was ruthless to critics. In the 1930's he introduced the purges.In the 1930's he introduced the purges. He made use of his secret police in enforcing internal policy.He made use of his secret police in enforcing internal policy.

15. PURGES PURGES Stalin got rid of anyone associated with Lenin and the military.

16. FOREIGN POLICY FOREIGN POLICY In 1934 the USSR was admitted to the league of nations.In 1934 the USSR was admitted to the league of nations. Because of attacks by Hitler against communism, Stalin had made an alliance with France in 1935 against Nazi Germany.Because of attacks by Hitler against communism, Stalin had made an alliance with France in 1935 against Nazi Germany. The USSR also aided the loyalists against the German supported nationalists (under general Franco) in the Spanish civil war (1936-1939).The USSR also aided the loyalists against the German supported nationalists (under general Franco) in the Spanish civil war (1936-1939). In 1939, Stalin shocked the world by signing a non-aggression pact with nazi Germany.In 1939, Stalin shocked the world by signing a non-aggression pact with nazi Germany.

17. REVIEW How successful was Stalin at transforming Russia?How successful was Stalin at transforming Russia? –Russia became Industrialized under the 5 Year Plans. (Russia suffered from consumer shortages and a lower standard of living) –Russian agricultural output increased. (millions of Peasants died) –Despite world opposition, Communism survived the Depression, the Second World War, and the Cold War. (Stalin secured Communism by terrorist actions by the secret police and with purges)

18. Quiz on Stalin

19. THE "FATHER OF THE PEOPLE" Stalin's propaganda machine presented him to his fellow Soviets as a fatherly or kindly figure.Stalin's propaganda machine presented him to his fellow Soviets as a fatherly or kindly figure. To some, he would better be described as the "butcher of his people".To some, he would better be described as the "butcher of his people".

20. "BUTCHER OF HIS PEOPLE" Stalin ruled by terror during most of his years as dictator.Stalin ruled by terror during most of his years as dictator. Stalin also was responsible for the deaths of millions of Soviet peasants who opposed his program of collective agriculture (government control of farms).Stalin also was responsible for the deaths of millions of Soviet peasants who opposed his program of collective agriculture (government control of farms). The Soviet people had cause to hate Stalin, and much of the world feared him. Stalin had little personal charm, and could be brutal to even his closest friends.The Soviet people had cause to hate Stalin, and much of the world feared him. Stalin had little personal charm, and could be brutal to even his closest friends. After Stalin became dictator, he had Soviet histories rewritten to make his role in past events appear far greater than it really was.After Stalin became dictator, he had Soviet histories rewritten to make his role in past events appear far greater than it really was. Stalin died in 1953. He was honored by having his body placed beside that of Lenin in a huge tomb in Red Square in Moscow.Stalin died in 1953. He was honored by having his body placed beside that of Lenin in a huge tomb in Red Square in Moscow.

21. ASSIGNMENT: STALIN ON TRIAL Josef Stalin is being put on trial by the courts for crimes against the Country of Russia.Josef Stalin is being put on trial by the courts for crimes against the Country of Russia. You will be assigned the role of Prosecuting Attorney or Defense AttorneyYou will be assigned the role of Prosecuting Attorney or Defense Attorney You are to come up with an opening statement to the court explaining why Josef Stalin should be considered the “father of his people” or the “butcher of his people”.You are to come up with an opening statement to the court explaining why Josef Stalin should be considered the “father of his people” or the “butcher of his people”.

22. WEB SOURCES Stalinism WEB Revelations From the Russian Archives [At LC] A tremendous resource.Revelations From the Russian Archives Josef Stalin (1879-1953): Marxism and the National Question 1913 [At Stalin Internet Archive]Marxism and the National Question Josef Stalin (1879-1953): Trotskyism or Leninism? 1924 [At Stalin Internet Archive]Trotskyism or Leninism? Josef Stalin (1879-1953): Industrialization of the Country, 1928 [At this Site]Industrialization of the Country Josef Stalin (1879-1953): Dialectical and Historical Materialism 1936 [At Stalin Internet Archive]Dialectical and Historical Materialism Dizzy With Success: Concerning Questions of the Collective Farm Movement, from Pravda, March 2, 1930. [At Durham]Dizzy With Success: Concerning Questions of the Collective Farm Movement Collective Farms of the USSR, 1929-1940 [At Durham]Collective Farms of the USSR, 1929-1940 Memorandum on the Grain Problem, 1932 [At LC] The memo which indicates the deliberate start of the Ukrainian famine.Memorandum on the Grain Problem Constitution of the USSR, 1936 [At Bucknell] or represented as an Organizational Chart [At Brooklyn]Constitution of the USSROrganizational Chart Joseph Stalin: Dialectical and Historical Materialism (September 1938) [At Atbin]Dialectical and Historical Materialism Hymn to Stalin, The cult of personality.Hymn to Stalin Osip Mandelstam (1934?), and Yevgeny Yevtushenko (1962): Poems on Stalin [At this Site]Poems on Stalin The Soviet Purges: Official Explanation, 1936, excerpts [At this Site]The Soviet Purges: Official Explanation The Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre, Heard before the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, August 19-24, 1936" (Overview) [Divided into 10 files][At Artbin] N.I. Bukharin: Last Plea, from "The case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites', Heard before the Military Colegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, March 2-13, 1938 [At Artbin]Last Plea Rapprochement between The Orthodox Church and Soviet Government. Speech of M. G. Karpov at Council of the Orthodox Church, 1945. [At Durham]Rapprochement between The Orthodox Church and Soviet Government http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/03/11/stalin-resurrected-in-russia/ http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090322045812AAtIyAr http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473245,00.html

23. JOSEF STALIN IMPORTANT DATES IN STALIN'S LIFEIMPORTANT DATES IN STALIN'S LIFE 1879............... (Dec. 21) Born into poverty in Gori, Russia.1879............... (Dec. 21) Born into poverty in Gori, Russia. 1901............... Joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.1901............... Joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. 1905............... Met Lenin for the first time.1905............... Met Lenin for the first time. 1912............... Named by Lenin to Bolshevik Party Central Committee.1912............... Named by Lenin to Bolshevik Party Central Committee. 1917............... Named commissar of nationalities after Bolshevik revolution.1917............... Named commissar of nationalities after Bolshevik revolution. 1922............... Appointed general secretary of Communist Party.1922............... Appointed general secretary of Communist Party. 1928............... Began five-year plans to industrialize the U.S.S.R.1928............... Began five-year plans to industrialize the U.S.S.R. 1929............... Became dictator of the Soviet Union.1929............... Became dictator of the Soviet Union. 1935............... Began great purge of Communist Party members.1935............... Began great purge of Communist Party members. 1939............... The U.S.S.R. signed a nonaggression pact with Germany.1939............... The U.S.S.R. signed a nonaggression pact with Germany. 1941............... Named himself premier of the Soviet Union.1941............... Named himself premier of the Soviet Union. 1941............... Germany attacked the U.S.S.R. during World War II.1941............... Germany attacked the U.S.S.R. during World War II. 1953............... (March 5) Died in Moscow.1953............... (March 5) Died in Moscow.