2. Terms 1. Lenin 2. Stalin 3. Trotsky 4. Five Year Plans 5. command economy What did Stalin’s Soviet Union look like? Terms 6. collective farms 7. Kulaks 8. bourgeois 9. Great Purge

3. StalinLeninTrotsky

4. Power is Shared in the USSR 1. Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky were the founding fathers of the Soviet Union and were considered sons of the Russian Revolution. 2. Power was shared in the USSR in the form of the Central Committee. Lenin was chair, Stalin was general secretary, and Trotsky commissioner of different agencies. 3. In May 1922, Lenin suffers his first stroke. He will have many other strokes until his death in Jan. 1924.

5. Stalin Takes Control 1. As Lenin’s health deteriorates between 1922-24, Stalin begins consolidating his power. 2. Stalin uses propaganda to claim he is Lenin’s hand-picked successor. Actual – Lenin fears Stalin radicalism and wants to get rid of him. 3. Stalin assigns other committee members to jobs that are non- important and in far away places from Moscow. 4. Eventually, Stalin makes his opposition disappear. Trotsky is exiled from the Soviet Union.

7. Lenin’s USSR 1. Lenin focused on improving the lives of the proletariat and the peasant. 2. Power was shared in the USSR, based on single-party system (Communist Party). 3. Economy was a mix of socialism and capitalism (New Economic Policy NEP). Excess crops could be sold for profit. 4. Some private ownership in business and agriculture.

9. Economy - Industrialization 1. Stalin felt the Soviet Union was far behind other developed countries in industrialization so he wanted to catch-up over a 10-year period. 2. Stalin implemented two separate Five Year Plans, aimed at drastically changing economic policies to modernize the Soviet Union. 3. Stalin eliminates the NEP and instituted a command economy. The government would determine ALL economic production 9 million peasants were forced to work in factories.

10. Economy - Industrialization 4. Stalin’s government put high quotas on the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity. 5. Production of all of these went up, including during the Great Depression The USSR saw growth of 27% from 1929-1934. 6. The government production of these materials created a shortage of consumer goods including housing, food, and clothing.

11. Economy - Agricultural 1. Stalin removed private ownership of land and created collective farms. 2. Farming was controlled by the government and grain and livestock production were the primary focus of agricultural output. 3. Both went up because of peasant industrial labor where they had to work a certain amount of days and the state supplied machinery, seed, and clothing.

13. The Great Purge 1. During the rapid industrialization and creation of collective farms, many proletariats and peasant class, or the kulaks, rebelled against the government. Stalin used propaganda to blame the bourgeois for their problems. 2. The rebellions, along with political rivalries within the party, were dealt with by force known as the Great Purge. 3. People were exiled, sent to labor camps or prisons, or were outright killed.

14. The Great Purge – the Numbers 1. Estimates for labor camps, colonies, and prisons ranges from 1.5 million to 7 million. 2. Hundreds of thousands of peasants were simply killed. 3. 2 million exiled to Siberia. 4. 7 million died of hunger between 1930-33. 5. Between 1937-38, 680,000 people were sentenced to death and 1 million executed in the work camps, in addition to those that died of harsh conditions. 6. 30,000-40,000 officers dead, 8 Soviet admirals, and 75 out of 80 of the Supreme Military Council. 7. Historians have tried to add up the numbers and the estimates for total dead are between 8-13 million.

15. Creating a Totalitarian State 1. Stalin used state-controlled media to spread propaganda, primarily used at the bourgeois, or non- Communist Soviets (anyone who disagreed with Stalin). 2. Just as Hitler did in Nazi Germany, everyone was required to turn in anti-Soviets, even children. 3. ANYONE who disagreed or was accused of anti-Stalin Soviet Union, would simply disappear!

16. Positives and Negatives 1. Stalin had industrialized and modernized the largest cities in Russia. Moscow had a subway, improved housing, water supply, and sewage facilities. 2. Most of Russia was still behind and lacked consumer goods and food. 3. Women were treated equally based on the idea of Communism, ALL work for the betterment of the state. Soviet Union saw a rise in women with professional jobs (ie-in 1950, 75% of Soviet doctors were women.