1. The Age of Exploration 15 th and 16 th centuries

2. Technological Advancements Renaissance ideas were applied to exploration –Magnetic compass –Cannon –Caravel Smaller, wind-powered ship Portuguese invention –Astrolabe Determined latitude, direction north or south of Equator –Better Maps

3. 1507 Waldseemuller Map

4. Why Explore? God –Spread the Catholic religion, primarily Gold –Financial opportunities: gold, silver, spices –Leaders want more $ and support exploration (Henry the Navigator) Glory –The ability to brag or be the best Euro country. Gateway –Access to other markets #1 motive: Material Profit…$, supplies

5. Portuguese Symbolism in Art

6. Portugal: 1 st to Explore Goals of exploration: –Christianize –Gold –Access to spice markets in India Supported by Prince Henry the Navigator, King Manuel I Got in on gold trade in the Mediterranean Sea –Made $ necessary for more expeditions Will own Brazil by 1500 –Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

7. Treaty of Tordesillas Spain Portugal

8. Manuelian Architecture

9. Portuguese Explorers Bartholomew Diaz, 1478 –Sailed to the Cape of Good Hope (Africa) Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499 –Sailed to India, returned with spices & cloth

10. Lisbon, Portugal

11. Lisbon, Portugal Entrance Port to Europe

12. Christopher Columbus An Italian who sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain –Cristobal Columbo –Columbus begged K & Q for $ for exploration Spain had gone through the reconquista –Expulsion of the Muslim Moors from Granada Bad guy in history –Raped, killed, enslaved natives, –Hispaniola, 1496 (Dominican Republic) –Didn’t find America first –Had no idea where he was. India? China? –Can we judge him? Maybe not…no moral compass

15. Spanish Governing Established 4 viceroyalies or divisions of “new world” territory with 4 governors Mercantilism: colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country (Spain) Didn’t allow for self-rule or native industry –Perhaps a reason why much of S.A. and Mexico are considered “3 rd World” countries?

16. Moorish Influence

17. Ferdinand Magellan Magellan, Spain 1519 –Sailed by order of Charles V (H.R.Emperor, Spanish Habsburg) –Sailed around Cape Horn (South America) –Explored Philippines (named after Philip II, H.R.E.) –Proved earth was round, bigger than thought

18. Hernando Cortes Cortes, Spain 1519 –Explored Mexico –Captured Aztec leader, Montezuma Montezuma’s revenge –Made Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) the capital city of “New Spain”

19. Francisco Pizarro Pizarro, Spain 1531- 1536 –Explored Peru in S. America –Destroyed the Incan Empire –Lima became the capital city

20. John Cabot Cabot, England 1497 –An Italian (same area as Columbus) –“Discovered” Newfoundland when trying to get to Brazil (Portuguese land) –No spices or gold for Henry VII, went back to England

21. Jacques Cartier Cartier, France 1534- 1541 –Explored the St. Lawrence River & Canada –Explored near Quebec Quebec is a French speaking province of Canada

22. Dutch East India Company Founded in 1602, The Netherlands Government supported company Explored solely for material gain

23. Impact of Exploration Columbian Exchange (Columbus) –Exchange of plants and animals: Corn or maize, sugar cane Horses, cows, sheep –Exchange of disease: Euros brought smallpox Natives gave Syphilis High death toll of natives –Migration of people to “new world”