1. China: from dynasties to communism

2. Dynasties
China had been ruled by dynasties (ruling families) for thousands of years
The Last Chinese Dynasty, the QING dynasty ended in 1911.

3. Why the Qing Dynasty Fell
People were unhappy with the ruling family & money spent by them
Govt. corruption
Foreign influence
Last emperor took the throne at the age of 2

4. Birth of a Republic The Qing collapsed when the people rebelled
The rebel group wanted China to become more modern and adopt a constitution
YUAN- was a Qing army general who did NOT fight against the rebels
Becomes the 1st President of the Republic of China

5. YUAN
After becoming President, he dismisses the National Assembly
Makes himself “President for Life” and his sons his predecessors
Dies in 1916

6. 1916-1928 China not united Ruled by different warlords
In 1921 the CCP is founded
(Chinese Communist Party)

7. China is reunified under the Nationalist Party
China is reunified under the Nationalist Party
Led by Chiang Kai Sheik (Jiang Jieshi)
Very ANTI-Communist

8. ANTI-Communist Movements
(Of the Nationalists in China)
“White Terror”
Green Gang was given the job to “eliminate” communists
Many communists flee to the countryside (and spread communism there)
“5 campaigns of annihilation & extermination”

9. WWII Begins 7/7/1937- Japan invades China
(In Asia)
7/7/1937- Japan invades China
Chiang Kai Sheik (CKS) is not ready for this- too busy trying to eliminate communists

10. WWII The Chinese people are being slaughtered by the Japanese
Massacre/Rape of Nanjing
13 year olds are drafted
Troops lack food and supplies
Meanwhile, CKS is living in a big house, while Mao ZeDong (Communist leader) is living in a cave

11. AFTER WWII 1945-1949: Bloody Civil War in China
Nationalists (CKS) vs. Communists (Mao)
1949- CHINA BECOMES COMMUNIST
Mao ZeDong= leader
CKS & Nationalists flee to Taiwan
Chairman Mao

12. China UNDER MAO Not really great- even Mao admits this
Great Leap Forward
Not really great- even Mao admits this
Why didn’t ppl protest if times were so tough
b/c they were restricted to communes (& not allowed to leave)
Many thought they were the only ones enduring the “bitter” years (not true)
Failed b/c of poor products & lack of incentive

13. China UNDER MAO
Cultural Revolution
Launched by Mao to remind youth what their country was about
Ppl taught to LOVE communism
Mao’s Little Red Book- read by students in schools, workers etc…
Everyone must have a copy on them at all times!
Old customs, ideas, habits were to be destroyed

14. China UNDER MAO Students became “Red Guards”
Cultural Revolution continued
Students became “Red Guards”
Accused people of being anti-Mao
Parents, teachers, intellectuals, wealthy
At peak, CR= lots of violence
Students not in school
Factories not producing (reading Mao)

15. China UNDER MAO China is very sheltered at this time Mao dies in 1976
Cultural Revolution continued
China is very sheltered at this time
Radio, newspapers all pro-Mao propaganda
Mao dies in 1976
This marks the end of the Cultural Revolution
**After Mao- Deng Xiaoping