1. China and Its Neighbors

2. Section 1: Establishing Modern China

3. Opium War Qing Dynasty - last & largest Chinese dynasty
Opium War – The British brought a drug called opium into China to trade with rather than money
The Chinese gov’t destroyed the British’s store of opium at the port in Canton.
Treaty of Nanking - The Chinese lost the war and ended up paying money and handing over Hong Kong to Britain

4. Taiping Rebellion
The Chinese peasants were angered by the Treaty of Nanking and rebelled around China
14 years, millions died
Demanded equality for women, the end of private property, & division of surplus to the needy
With the help of other nations, rebellion was crushed in 1848

5. Boxer Rebellion
Boxers hoped to defeat the Qing Dynasty and force all foreigners out of China
British, French, Russian, Japanese, and American forces joined together to defeat the Boxers
Boxers called themselves the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists”

6. Sun Yat-sen Founded the Chinese Nationalist Party – 1911
Born to poor farmers
Moved to Honolulu, Hawaii with older brother
Became interested in Christianity. Brother got troubled and sent him home
Helped China become a Republic – The Father of Modern China

7. Chiang Kai-shek
Leader of the Communist and Nationalism groups when they joined forces
Turned against the Communist and fought for power
Communist retreated on the Long March (100,000 Communist marched 6,000 miles north to escape the Nationalist forces)
Gov’t improved transportation, education, and encouraged industry

8. Mao Zedong Leader of Communist “Red Army”
Parties joined forces when Japan invaded China. After World War II the turned on each other again
Communist won
Ruled until death in 1976

9. Mao decided how much of China would be farmland & how much industrial
Traditional farms were reorganized into collective farms – people worked together & shared what they produced

10. 1950s – gov’t tried to reorganize economy – called “Great Leap Forward” – did not work.
1960s- “Cultural Revolution” – tried to do away with all previous programs and reorganized farms, businesses, and most of society. Failed, too.

11. 1970s – new leader, Deng Xiaoping
Started “4 Modernizations”
Farmers given more control over decisions
Industries shifted from iron & steel to consumer goods – factory workers/managers allowed to make more decisions
Defense industries built up & made more productive
“Special Economic Zones”
Coastal areas
Purpose – encourage foreign investment

12. Mixed results
Coastal areas began to grow
Farm areas fell behind
People left farms & moved to cities for work
Rapid growth of cities = new problems

13. Today – mixed economy
Many people have their own businesses but gov’t has final say
½ of workers still in agriculture
Cities on coast have had huge growth – examples: Shanghai & Hong Kong