1. Welcome to English 2 When Actions Happen Names of Words
Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time.
Making Questions
How English Works

2. Making Questions
In English we need to ask many questions. It is simple to write the question. Follow the example.
What is your name?
My name is Sally.
How old are you?
I am 12 years old.
Where are you from?
I am from Chicago.

3. Click on the quiz and listen to the sentence.
Listen and Write
You will need a piece of paper and a pencil to do the following quiz. I will say four sentences and you write four questions.
Are you ready?
Click on the quiz and listen to the sentence.
Quiz
Answers

4. These are the questions that should have on your paper.
Answers
These are the questions that should have on your paper.
1. What do Frank and Mary do every day?
2. Who is their teacher?
3. What does Mary read?
4. What do the students do?
Story

5. When actions happen
We will learn what to call an action that happens today, happened yesterday or will happen tomorrow.
These actions are called tenses: present, past and future.
There will be a short quiz. Let’s look at the examples.

6. When actions happen… Is the action happening NOW? = Present
Today Mary goes to school.
Did the action already happen? = Past
Yesterday Mary went to school.
Will the action happen tomorrow? = Future
Tomorrow Mary will go to school.

7. Click on the button to tell when the story happens.
Test
Click to listen!
Click on the button to tell when the story happens.
Happens Now
Happened
Will Happen

8. Excellent work my friend!

9. To have Here is some review. Study these verbs and listen again.
Present
Past
I have
We have
You have He
She has It
They have
I had
We had
You had He
She had It
They had
Future
I will have
We will have
You will have
You will have He
She will have it
They will have

10. To go Present Past Future I go We go You go He She goes It They go
I went
We went
You went He
She went It
They went
Future
I will go
We will go
You will go He
She will go It
They will go

11. To be Present Past Future I am We are You are He She is It They are
I was
We were
You were He
She was It
They were
Future
I will be
We will be
You will be He
She will be It
They will be

12. To do Present Past Future I do We do You do He She does It They do
I did
We did
You did He
She did It
They did
Future
I will do
We will do
You will do He
She will do It
They will do

13. The Story
Frank and Mary have a nice school. Every day they do something new. Today they study animals. Mrs. Smith is their teacher. She is very nice. Mrs. Smith reads many stories to the students. The students like the stories, but today it is the students turn to read. Mary reads a funny story about cats. The class likes the cat story. The students clap. Frank and Mary are happy and they go home.

14. Please read the following examples.
I like to study in the computer lab.
You like to study in the cafeteria.
He likes to study in the library.
These sentences are all correct. Please go the next slide.

15. Which sentence is not correct?
Please choose one from the list.
A. I walk to the school.
B. You walk to the class.
C. She walk to the cafeteria
Inductive = ask then tell
Deductive = tell then ask why it is wrong

16. Fabulous, you have chosen the sentence with a mistake.
This one is the incorrect sentence, but what grammar rule does the sentence follow?
Subject/Verb agreement?
Double negatives?
Direct translation verb problems?

17. Sorry, that is wrong.
Try and look at examples to see if you can understand the rules of grammar.

18. Sorry, this is wrong. This is not the correct rule for this sentence.
Please go back and try again.

19. Excellent Work!
The third person singular in the present tense needs an “s.” So the problem was that the subject and verb did not agree.
Good work!
Click on the button. Let’s go on to the next grammar lesson.

20. Correct: Tim has no time to work on his assignment.
Language and Circles
When we make one U-turn, we go in the opposite direction. If we make two U-turns, then we go in the direction that we started. If we say two negatives in English, we are turning completely around. So, we should only have one negative word in each sentence. Lets look at some examples.
Incorrect: Mary hasn’t no time to do her homework.
Learning through analogy and by example
Correct: Tim has no time to work on his assignment.

21. Remember you can make U-Turns in English, but you cannot make two in the same sentence.
Quiz

22. Wonderful! Are you ready for the quiz? Now use what you learned!
Which sentence is the correct?
I don’t have no time to do my homework.
2. I don’t have any time to do my homework.
application

23. Let’s go on to more to learn about translation problems.
Excellent Work!
Let’s go on to more to learn about translation problems.

24. This is NOT correct! Please go back and try again!
Remember to count the negative words.
There can only be ONE negative word in each sentence.
Why don’t you look at it again?

25. Translation problems
When we learn a new language, we want to directly translate from our first language. Sometimes this works and other times it does not.
Let’s study some examples.

26. Direct Translation Here are the examples.
Mark has ten years old. (age)
Correction: Mark is ten years old.
Bill takes coffee at noon. (to take food)          
Correction: Bill drinks coffee at noon.  
In these examples, the problem is that the verb is not used correctly. Let’s see if you can correct the next set of examples.

27. Click on the correct word under the sentences.
My sister waited me yesterday.
waited for
waits
wait
I listen music.
listens
listens to
listen to
We asked to the man for a book.
asks
asks for
asked