1. Presentation to Pittsburgh City Council February 9th, 2009 Robert Koenig rkoenig@clintonfoundation.org rkoenig@clintonfoundation.org Please consider the environment before printing this document

2. 2 The Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI) Mission Make a difference in the fight against climate change in practical, measurable, and significant ways. Philosophy Think Big Move Quickly Use Markets Create Partnerships Get Results Approach Generate Political Will Convene Stakeholders Stimulate Markets Remove Barriers to Scale-Up Organize Partners Mobilize Resources Share Best Practices Measure Results Introduction

3. 3 CCI Strategic Partnerships C40 Climate Leadership Group U.S. Conference of Mayors U.S. Green Building Council American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment Technical Partnerships Corporate Partnerships CCI serves as the implementing partner of the C40 Climate Leadership Group, an association of 40 large cities and 14 affiliate cities around the world. CCI is assisting these cities to implement large scale projects that reduce energy use, increase the use of clean energy, and reduce GHG emissions. Introduction

4. 4 CCI Programs & Supporting Infrastructure SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE Purchasing Assistance Financing Measurement Tools Technical Assistance Program Teams City Teams Clean Energy Water & Wastewater Ports Airports Developing Countries InitiativeTransportation Solid Waste Management Building Retrofits Outdoor Lighting FOCUS AREAS Introduction

5. 5 CCI Outdoor Lighting Program: Two Focus Areas Advanced Public Lighting Stimulate the market for advanced, energy- efficient public lighting equipment among cities around the world LED Traffic Signals Accelerate the conversion of traffic signals from incandescent or halogen to LED Improve Quality of Outdoor Lighting Infrastructure Reduce System Energy & Maintenance Costs Lower GHG emissions Introduction

6. 6 Services to Cities Technical Assistance Cost justification – ROI, TCO, lifecycle Energy & GHG abatement analyses Technology and market insight Product specifications Purchasing and Financial Advisory Services Vendor introductions Project finance advisory services Project Assistance Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder coordination Project coordination City-City Best Practice Sharing Introduction An Outdoor Lighting Project is an Investment in City Infrastructure CCIs Focus is on Cost-Effective, Positive-ROI Projects that Enhance Quality of Service Rendered

7. Street Lighting

8. 8 Street Lights: Energy Use & Emissions 1.3% of all end-use electricity in the EU25, or 35 TWh per year 1 1% of all end-use electricity in the USA 2 10% to 38% of a municipal governments electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions 3 1: P. Van Tichelen, Final Report Lot 9: Public Street Lighting, 2007. 2. Navigant Consulting, National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate, 2002. 3: i. City of Boston Climate Action Plan, 2005 Boston Greenhouse Gas Inventories, January 2008. ii. Australian Greenhouse Office in the Department of the Environment and Heritage. Public Lighting in Australia, 2005. iii. Grow, Robert T. Energy-Efficient Streetlights Potential for Reducing Greater Washingtons Carbon Footprint, 2008. Outdoor Lighting Program

9. 9 Street Light Retrofits: Potential for 35%-70% Energy Savings and Significant Emissions Reductions Greater energy efficiency from advanced luminaires and integrated control systems –35-60% savings vs. high-pressure sodium vapor streetlights –70%+ savings vs. mercury vapor streetlights –additional 10-20% savings with integrated system controls Lower maintenance costs –Luminaire life expectancies significantly longer Short payback –3-7 years, depending on replacement technology and pre-existing infrastructure Reduced GHG emissions –For a city with 150,000 streetlights, potential to avoid >40,000 tons of CO 2 emissions per year, assuming US average.600kg CO 2 /kWh Outdoor Lighting Program

10. 10 Advanced Street Lighting Deployments Outdoor Lighting Program CityTechnologyProject Description Ann Arbor, Michigan LEDIn 2007 installed 1,400 56W LED street lights to replace 100W HPS streetlights; each LED unit cost $460; energy savings of >50%; payback in 4.4 years Anchorage, Alaska LED, InductionIn 2008 initiated replacement of all 16,500 City street light fixtures with LED; Expected energy savings of >50% from a full retrofit of all 16,000 street lights; $2-3MM annual O&M savings forecast. Simple payback of <7 years for retrofit. Oslo, Norway Intelligent Control System and Electronic Ballasts In 2007 began to equip its 55,000 HPS streetlights with an intelligent control system and electronic ballasts; has achieved 62% energy savings to date These are only three of many successful projects; CCI will help its partners leverage these cities experiences in lighting retrofit projects.

11. CCI Retrofit Model Example Model Input Example Model Output Outdoor Lighting Program

12. Total Street Lights: 16,500 MEA: 30 ML&P: 3,403 CEA: 4,568 MOA: 8,200 MOA Decorative: 299 Utility maintained lights are Metered or on flat rate schedules Fixture Wattages (HPS) 150W Residential 250W Collector Roadway 400W Arterial Roadway Executive Summary of Anchorage Street Lighting City of Anchorage Retrofit

13. Street Lighting Retrofit Project Phase I Total Capital Outlay$2,199,471 Annual Savings$350,000 Energy Efficiency>50% Payback Period7 Years Net Cumulative Cost Savings$2,837,390 Phase I Retrofit 2,221 150W HPS Fixtures 1,775 250W HPS Fixtures Phase I Key Figures City of Anchorage Retrofit

14. Fixture Specification RequirementsSole Source Justification An attractive, slim design that reduces wind and snow loading A proven heat management system IESNA Type II & III light distribution, with 80% optical efficiency Must be International Dark Skies Certified, full cutoff fixture A CCT below 4400 Kelvin Wet Listed, Class 1 Fixture Tool-less entry for maintenance and installation Availability of House-Side Shield Modular Design for both the LEDs and the Fixture Driver Min. 5 year warranty on Fixture Driver, Min. 5- year warranty on LEDs, Min. 10-year warranty on finish and paint LEDway fixture from Ruud Lighting City of Anchorage Retrofit

15. Resident Survey of New Fixtures Two Resident Surveys: March and December 2008 130 Male and Female Residents Ages Ranging from age 17-71 Tested Two Kinds of White Light Technology Also Tested Dimming Systems / Centralized Control Findings »Local Residents overwhelming approved White Light over Existing High Pressure Sodium System City of Anchorage Retrofit

17. 17 Additional Slides Outdoor Lighting Program I.Obstacles Particular to Street Light Retrofits II.Fixture Technology Options, Pros & Cons III.Common Steps Toward Enacting A Retrofit Project IV.Extra Photo from City of Anchorage

18. 18 Obstacles Particular To Street Light Retrofits ObstacleWay To Resolution Concerns about efficacy of new technology Share experiences of early-adopters, including equipment specifications and operating data, to demonstrate technology viability Present several energy-efficient alternatives with sound warranties to enable choice from a menu of options Misaligned incentives to retrofit –Utilities own assets –Utilities set rates Involve lenders to propose alternative project financing structures and equipment ownership structures that untangle conflicting incentives Limited budget for large project Again, involve lenders to propose project financing structures to minimize debt burden on city Encourage consolidation of project onto one contract to enable scale-up beyond a single years budget Standards do not fully capture benefits of new technology Optimize street lighting system according to current lighting standardsreduce over-lighting, and prioritize quality of light over quantity of light Encourage reevaluation of current lighting standards through projects enacted by early adopters Outdoor Lighting Program

19. 19 Fixture Technology Options, Pros and Cons TechnologyMercury VaporHigh Pressure Sodium Vapor InductionNew Ceramic Metal Halide LED Relative Age Description Older, very common high-intensity discharge (HID) technology that generates a bluish- white light Orange-hued HID light source commonly used to displace less-efficient mercury vapor street lights. White-light electrodeless light source with long operating life White-light HID technology; new CMH fixtures with electronic ballasts are >35% more efficient than previous CMH systems New, white-light technology that uses arrays of LEDs small, directional light sources to illuminate areas. Pros Low initial cost Longer lamp life (~24K hrs) White light Sudden failures are uncommon Low initial cost Longer lamp life (~24K hrs) High lamp efficacy (~115 lumens/watt) Long life (100K hrs) White light Low maintenance cost High fixture efficiency due to electronics White light High lamp efficacy (~115 lumens/watt) High fixture efficiency due to electronics and tighter optics around smaller lamps Long life (>50K hrs) White light High uniformity High fixture efficiency due to electronics and directional LEDs Cons Poor lamp efficacy (~40 lumens/watt) Lower fixture efficiency Orange light High initial cost Lower lamp efficacy (~75 lumens/watt) High initial cost Shorter lamp life (~20K hrs) High initial cost Lower LED efficacy (~75 lumens/watt) oldestnewest Other technologies not profiled include linear fluorescent, compact fluorescent and incandescent street lights Outdoor Lighting Program

20. 20 Common Steps Toward Enacting a Retrofit Project Outdoor Lighting Program Define High-Level Project Goals Survey Staff Resources & Expertise Conduct System Audit Prepare and Vet Economic Model Communicate Project Opportunity Receive and Review Proposals Approvals Process Identify lighting engineers with system expertise and interest in a retrofit project Collect data on street lighting system inventory, ownership structure, incentives to retrofit, stakeholders, This model will capture the complete economics of a retrofit, to help decision-makers determine whether a project is feasible Share economics with lending institutions, contractors and manufacturers (if appropriate under local procurement rules) to generate proposals Analyze various proposals for financing and realizing a retrofit Begin defining project proposal for internal approval; generate final requirements and purchasing specifications Prioritize among improved safety, enhanced performance, reduced energy use, many others

21. City of Anchorage Retrofit