1. History & Use of Biological Classification

2. CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY
grouping based on similarities
Taxonomy:
Branch of Biology
The science of classifying/grouping and naming of organisms

3. Aristotle’s Classification Scheme
Greek philosopher who developed first classification system
Divided all organisms into 2 GROUPS:
Non motile (plants)
Motile (animals)
Plants grouped by:
size (small, medium, large)
Animals grouped by:
where they lived (air, water, land)

4. Binomial Nomenclature
A system for naming organisms by structure created by Linnaeus:
Although Linneaus didn’t realize it, by classifying organisms by structure he was also classifying them by evolutionary relationship
Written in Latin
Includes the organisms :
Genus: CAPITALIZED (noun)
means beginning
Species: lowercase (adj.)
Example: Homo (man) sapien (wise/thinking)

5. Scientific & Common Names
Scientific Name:
genus and species name
Iguana iguana
Felis domesticus
Common name:
Organism is commonly called
Not used in the scientific community
Green Iguana
Domestic Cat

6. The “New” Evolutionary Classification
Categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent
Not just physical similarities
This new method is called: Evolutionary Classification
Scientists classify organisms based on their Evolutionary Beginnings

7. Cladograms A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships
Cladograms are useful tools
Help scientists understand how one lineage branched from another in the course of evolution

8. Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram
Evolutionary Decent: Class
Physical Similarities
Conical Shells
Appendages
Crustaceans
Gastropoda
Crab Barnacle Limpet
Molten exoskeleton
Segmentation
Free-swimming larvae
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CLADOGRAM

9. Kingdoms Second broadest of all taxa Grouped into 3 domains:
Bacteria –
Eubacteria
2. Archae-
Archeabacteria
3. Eukarya:
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

10. Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Eubacteria:
a. all microscopic prokaryotes
b. almost all are unicellular
c. non-motile
d. commonly called bacteria
2. Kingdom Archaebacteria:
a. prokaryotes
b. live in extreme environment

11. 3. Kingdom Protista: a. eukaryotes b. uni and multicellular
c. live in moist environments
d. most are simple, microscopic & mobile
*Examples: paramecium, amoeba, euglena & algae

12. b. Uni and Multicellular c. Consumers that do not move
4. Kingdom Fungi:
a. Eukaryotes
b. Uni and Multicellular
c. Consumers that do not move
d. Decompose dead organisms &/or waste products
*Examples: mushrooms, molds, & mildew

13. 5. Kingdom Plantae: a. stationary, multicelluar eukaryotes
b. Photosynthetic
c. Autotrophs
*(make own food)
*Examples: plants

14. 6. Kingdom Animalia: a. Multicellular
b. Consumers that eat & digest other organisms (heterotrophs)
c. May be herbivores, carnivores & omnivores
*Examples: Animals

15. Complete Classification of Humans
Domain: (Eukarya)
Kingdom: (Animalia)
Phylum: (Chordata)
Dorsal nerve cord-cartilage
Vertebrae
Subphylum: (Vertebrata)
Class: (Mammalia)
6. Order: (Primates)
7. Family: (Hominid)
8. Genus: (Homo)
9. Species: (sapien)

16. Quiz 2
1. The branch of biology in which we classify organisms is called
Classonomy b. taxonomy c. botany
2. Which is NOT a domain?
Eubacteria b. Archaebacteria c. Monera
3. Which is the proper way to write a scientific name?
Homo sapien b. homo sapien c. Homo sapien
4. A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships is called a
Dichotomous key b. cladogram c. taxonomy
5. To which kingdom would amoebas & paramecium belong?
a. Fungi b. Plantae c. Protista