1. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Chapter 20:
Criminal and Juvenile
Justice
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

2. Chapter Links Section 1 “Crime in American Society” Section 2
“The Criminal Justice System”
Section 3
“The Juvenile Justice System”
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

3. “Crime in American Society”
Section 1
“Crime in American Society”
Section Outline:
The Problem of Crime
The Types of Crimes
The Causes of Crime
Main Idea:
Thousands of crimes are committed in the United States each year. The crimes, their causes, and what people think the system should do about crime vary.
Key Terms:
Assault
Battery
Burglary
Embezzlement
Treason
Terrorism
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

4. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
The Problem of Crime
Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Statistics, 2000
More than 10 million property crimes
Nearly 1.5 million violent crimes
There is generally more crime in urban areas
There is more crime in poor neighborhoods
Crime makes people afraid
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

5. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
The Types of Crimes
Crimes against people
Acts that threaten, hurt, or end a person’s life
Assault: placing someone in fear without actual physical contact
Battery: placing someone in fear with physical contact
Crimes against property
Crimes against property; mostly stealing
Burglary: the illegal breaking into a building
Arson, Vandalism, Robbery, and Larceny
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

6. The Types of Crimes (cont.)
White-collar crime
Non-violent crimes, often committed by office workers for business or financial gain
Embezzlement: stealing money that has been entrusted to your care
Victimless crimes
Examples: drug use, or gambling.
Crimes against the government
Treason: betrayal of one’s country
Terrorism: use of violence in order to get what they want from the government or society
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

7. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
The Causes of Crime
Poverty
Social Change and Changing Values
Poor Parenting
Drug Abuse
Permissive Courts
Not Enough Money for Police
Violence in the Media
THERE IS NO SINGLE CAUSE!
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

8. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

9. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
2010 Crime Statistics
Location
Violent
Murder
Property
Population
Georgia Metro areas
32,383
507
294,205
7,922,112
Non-metro cities
4,098 24
33,555
659,535
Rural Counties
2,591 27
24,919
1,106,006
Wyoming
1,104 8
13,874
563,626
California
164,133
1,809
981,939
37,253,956
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

10. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Crime Prevention
Choose a crime or cause of crime
Create a poster advertising the prevention of this crime or cause
Work with 1 partner
Your group will turn in an illustration and 1 paragraph explaining the advertisement
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

11. “The Criminal Justice System”
Section 2
“The Criminal Justice System”
Section Outline:
The Arrest and Pretrial Process
Going to Trial
III. Correctional Institutions
Challenges Facing the System
Proposals for Fighting Crime
Main Idea:
When an adult is arrested, he or she goes through a specific process. The process includes arraignment, indictment, trial, and sentencing or acquittal.
Key Terms:
Probable Cause
Warrant
Bail
Indictment
Arraigning
Plea Bargain
Parole
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

12. The Arrest and Pretrial Process
Probable Cause: good reason to believe that a suspect has been involved in a crime.
Warrant: a legal paper, issued by a court, giving permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search.
The Preliminary Hearing
Before there is a trial, the prosecutor must show a judge that there is enough evidence to go ahead with the case.
Bail is set
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

13. The Arrest and Pretrial Process (cont.)
Grand Jury
Indictment: a formal charge against the accused
Arraignment: a court hearing in which the defendant is formally charged with a crime, and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.
Usually deals with more serious crimes
Pretrial Motions
Usually concerns evidence that may be used
Plea Bargaining
Agreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge or a lighter sentence.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

14. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Going to Trial
Jury Selection
Citizens are called to serve on juries
Must decide if the defendant is innocent or guilty
The Trial
The defendant has the right to a speedy and public trial. Defendants are also entitled to a lawyer.
Witnesses may be called by the defense or prosecution attorneys.
Sentencing
The judge selects a sentence between the maximum and minimum for that crime.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

15. Correctional Institutions
Convicts enter the corrections system
This term is meant to imply that the system will “correct” the criminal, teaching him not to commit said crime again.
Parole
Letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his or her sentence outside of a prison.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

16. Proposals for Fighting Crime
Preventing Crime
“Neighborhood Watch” and more police to patrol
Being Tougher on Criminals
Mandatory sentences and capital punishment (death-penalty)
Rehabilitation
Trying to teach inmates to live productive lives when they are released
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

17. “The Juvenile Justice System”
Section 3
“The Juvenile Justice System”
Section Outline:
Juvenile Courts
Juvenile Court Procedure
Strengthening Juvenile Justice
Main Idea:
The juvenile justice system was specially designed for troubled youths younger than 18. This system involves a different process and different penalties from those in the adult criminal justice system.
Key Terms:
Delinquent
Status Offender
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

18. Civics: Government and Economics in Action
Juvenile Courts
Juvenile Courts
Established in Illinois, 1899
Courts set aside for young people
Delinquent: a juvenile found guilty of a crime
Status Offender: a youth who is found guilty with running away, truancy, or disobedience.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

19. Juvenile Court Procedure
Arrest and Intake
The Initial Hearing
The Adjudicatory Hearing
Takes the place of a trial
The Dispositional Hearing
Judge decides on a sentence
Aftercare
Each youth is assigned a parole officer
Civics: Government and Economics in Action

20. Strengthening Juvenile Justice
Community Based Programs
Diversion Programs
Preventing Juvenile Crime
Civics: Government and Economics in Action