1. Policy of conquering and ruling other lands in creation of an empire.
Imperialism
Policy of conquering and ruling other lands in creation of an empire.

2. Great Britain Largest empire world had ever known
100 times larger than Britain itself
400 Million people
Controlled territory on every continent except Antarctica
¼ of world’s land and people under British rule

3. British Empire 1919

4. Immediate Effects of Industrial Revolution
British factories produced more goods than any other in the world
British navy protected
exports
British lent money all
over the world and
became the world’s
bank.

5. Challenge to British Leadership
U.S. and Germany industrialized and between 1870 and 1900 caused G.B. Production to drop from 1/3 of world’s total to 1/5.
Countries now charging tariffs on British goods to protect their own Industrialization.
Raw Materials on British Isles were depleting.

6. Colonialism Spreads
Other countries begin to recognize both the economic gain of colonies as well as national pride.
France becomes 2nd largest empire.
Dutch, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Germany all expand in Africa
Austria-Hungary moves into Balkans (major cause of WWI)
Even U.S. gets involved (Cuba, Philipines, Puerto Rico, Guam)
Hope that where business goes, the flag will follow

7. European Pride
Countries took great pride in colonies, even more important than economic gain
Europeans believed they were superior and had a duty to spread their technology.
Racism became a strong element at this time

9. Africa Divided
In 1875, less than 10% of Africa controlled by Europeans
In 1900, over 90%

12. European’s on Brink of War
Meet in Berlin in to determine rules of imperialism
No African ruler attended but it sealed Africa’s fate
Any European country could claim land in Africa by sending troops to strategic place

14. Different types of Conquests
European army’s were dominant, but sometimes Africans got hold of weapons and would fight
Many parts were small villages and treaties needed to be made with all (Britain made over 500 treaties before controlling eastern Nigeria)
Sometimes allied without war simply to avoid war
Some areas even invited Europeans in as protectorates from other countries and/ or civil war

15. Colonial Rule
Many Europeans settled in these colonies causing Africans to become 2nd class citizens in their own country.
Europeans forced them to work by insisting they pay monetary taxes, not tax-in kind.

16. Maintenance of Power Did not allow natives to be educated
Brought in peoples from other nations to do jobs requiring specialized skills
Encouraged rivalries between ethnic groups, preventing frustrations from being taken out on Europeans

17. British Control over India
Most countries jealous of India’s colonization because vast raw materials and 300 million people

18. British Take Advantage

19. Indian Nationalism Grows
Indian tax payers paid for all technological improvements
Indian workers did hard labor jobs
Resented signs “For Europeans Only”
Prevented from getting top jobs and the few mid-level jobs they could get they received as much as 20 times less than their British counter-part

21. Southeast Asia Imperialized by European Countries
France takes over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
British moved
into Burma and
Thailand

22. European Imperialism of Asia

23. Britain moves into China
China was self-sufficient with 300 million people, more than all of Europe.
Britain wanted to trade but China was not interested– didn’t need it
So, Britain introduced a highly addictive drug into China and it led to the manipulation of China by the British

25. Treaty of Nanking
In 1842, British and China signed treaty ending Opium Wars
Very humiliating and
led to problems in China
British now had major influence over China including extraterritorial rights: Britons did not have to obey Chinese laws, subject only top British laws and courts
Chinese had to pay for Opium lost in war

26. China Continues to Weaken
By 1850, population had grown to 430 million people
Chinese government was corrupt
China on verge of bankruptcy due to unfair treaties with Britain
People are starving
Taiping Rebellion breaks out, but fails

27. Europe Introduces Improvements
During 1860’s & 70’s:
Improved army and navy
Better transportation, communication, and education
Chinese opposed these efforts and wanted nothing from Europe
This however, weakened them further

28. Open Door Policy
Japan, Russia, Britain, France and more all tried carving out pieces of China
U.S. concerned they would miss out on the colonization of China
1899, Proposed open-door policy (for merchants of all nations)
China still at mercy of outsiders, but colonization prevented

29. Japan Responds Differently
In 1850, U.S. forces Japan to open borders and trade
Fear of U.S. and Europe led to the Meiji Dynasty bringing about industrialization to Japan

30. Copy the Best of the West
Japanese economy grew to modern Industrialized economy within 30 years
Railroads built throughout country
Coal production increased by over 21 times
Many factories built
Very little $ borrowed by U.S. and Europe to maintain independence

31. Improved Military Japan copied best militaries of the West German Army
British Navy
So strong could defeat Russia (Russo-Japanese War )
Able to renegotiate unfair treaties made with U.S in 1850’s
Began own imperial dominance