2. Linnaean Taxonomy  Carolus Linnaeus organized plants and animals into 7 hierarchical categories.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species AnimaliaChordataMammaliaPrimatesHominidaeHomo Homo sapiens

3.  Scientific (species) name  Genus + epithet  Written in Latin  Dead, but universal scholarly language  Italicized or underlined  Ex:Canis familiaris Mycobacterium leprae Linnaean Taxonomy

4. Archaea  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Cell walls of various materials  Heterotrophic and autotrophic  Mostly extreme habitats

5. Bacteria  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Cell walls of peptidoglycan  Heterotrophic and autotrophic

6. Endosymbiotic Theory  Lynn Margulis (1960’s)  Ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by eukaryotic cells.  Evidence – m&c…  Have double membranes  Have their own DNA  Reproduce on their own  Have their own ribosomes

7. Protista  All eukaryotes not defined as plants, fungi, or animals  Algae and protozoans

8. Protista

9. Fungi  Eukaryotic  Uni- and multicellular  Cell walls of chitin  Heterotrophic

10. Fungi

11. Spread by growth… …and spore dispersal Fungi

12. Asexual Reproduction

13. Fungi

14. Plantae  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Cellulose walls  Autotrophic

15. Animalia  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  No cell walls  Heterotrophic

16. Systematics “Our classifications will come to be genealogies”  Using…  Morphology, embryology, paleontology, biochemistry

17. Phylogenetic Tree

18. Which of these trees depicts a different phylogeny from the other two? 123123123123

19. Amphibians Phylogenetic Tree - Tetrapods  Groups- Amphibians, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles  Primitive Characteristics  Vertebrae, four limbs, heterotrophy, bilateral symmetry Reptiles Birds Feathers Mammals Other Tetrapods Ancestral Tetrapod Amniotic Egg Endothermy Fur

20. Phylogenetic Tree - Domains (Carl Woese, U of Illinois)  Three domains of living things  Reorganization:Archaea more similar to Eukarya based on molecular data Progenote Eukarya Protista, Fungi Plantae, Animalia Bacteria Eukaryotes Archaea Prokaryotes Membrane and ribosome structure