1. Diversity of Organisms 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl

2. Organisms alive today descended from earlier species Fossils –Remains of previous forms –Record of life’s history Life on Earth –Single cell organisms for 3.5 billion years –Abundant multicellular life for 500 million years

3. Evolution Change is species over time Organisms alive today descended from older organisms Evidence is overwhelming

4. Organization of the Living World System to deal with millions of species An organism belongs to a unique species Bird’s nest fungi

5. Organization of the Living World Species designated by a scientific name –Binomial nomenclature – two part name –Developed by Carolus Linnaeus –Example: Homo sapiens Homo = genus name sapiens = species name

6. Classification System to organize life Classification System –Genus = closely related species –Family = closely related genera

7. Classification System Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Level Smallest Level

9. Methods of Classification Common ancestry is basis for classification Taxonomy = science of classifying organisms Systematics –Study of diversity of organisms –Based on evolutionary relationships

10. Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

11. Cell Types of Organisms Prokaryote –No membrane bound organelles –Genetic material found in a nucleoid Eukaryote –Membrane bound organelles –Genetic material in a nucleus

12. Archaea Originally thought to be bacteria Live in extreme habitats Do not cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular

13. Bacteria Found nearly everywhere Some cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular

14. Eukarya Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Divided into at least four kingdoms –Protista –Fungi –Plantae –Animalia

15. Kingdom Protista Mostly single cell organisms May actually be up to 20 kingdoms Gave rise to other eukaryotes

16. Kingdom Fungi Most are multicellular Absorptive heterotrophs Most are saprophites

17. Diversity of Organisms 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl

18. Organisms alive today descended from earlier species Fossils –Remains of previous forms –Record of life’s history Life on Earth –Single cell organisms for 3.5 billion years –Abundant multicellular life for 500 million years

19. Evolution Change is species over time Organisms alive today descended from older organisms Evidence is overwhelming

20. Organization of the Living World System to deal with millions of species An organism belongs to a unique species Bird’s nest fungi

21. Organization of the Living World Species designated by a scientific name –Binomial nomenclature – two part name –Developed by Carolus Linnaeus –Example: Homo sapiens Homo = genus name sapiens = species name

22. Classification System to organize life Classification System –Genus = closely related species –Family = closely related genera

23. Classification System Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Level Smallest Level

25. Methods of Classification Common ancestry is basis for classification Taxonomy = science of classifying organisms Systematics –Study of diversity of organisms –Based on evolutionary relationships

26. Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

27. Cell Types of Organisms Prokaryote –No membrane bound organelles –Genetic material found in a nucleoid Eukaryote –Membrane bound organelles –Genetic material in a nucleus

28. Archaea Originally thought to be bacteria Live in extreme habitats Do not cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular

29. Bacteria Found nearly everywhere Some cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular

30. Eukarya Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Divided into at least four kingdoms –Protista –Fungi –Plantae –Animalia

31. Kingdom Protista Mostly single cell organisms May actually be up to 20 kingdoms Gave rise to other eukaryotes

32. Kingdom Fungi Most are multicellular Absorptive heterotrophs Most are saprophites

33. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Photosynthetic autotrophs

34. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophs