1. Taxonomy & Classification

2. I. Why Classify? A.So we can answer questions about our own existence and relationships of all organisms. B.Only14% of species are identified. C.It’s estimated 8.7 million eukaryotic species are undiscovered. 2.2 million of the undiscovered reside in the ocean.

3. II. Taxonomy A. Definition – study of classification of organisms. B. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus- a Swedish botanist and medical doctor C. Linnaeus’ system of classification has seven levels. D. The division of levels is base on like traits among organisms.

4. E. Levels from highest to lowest: Kingdom--- all inclusive Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species-very specific traits

5. F. The Scientific Name 1. Binomial Nomenclature is a two-word naming system used to name organism 2. Latin is the language used for this process. 3. Comprised of the Genus and species. 4. Genus a. is groups of closely related species. b. written first, capitalized, italicized

6. 5. Species a. a group of organisms able to breed and produce fertile offspring. b. written second, lowercase, italicized 6. Examples: Homo sapiens Canus lupus

7. 7. Example: Human KingdomAnimalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

8. III. Today’s Classification System A.Today classification of organisms is largely based upon phylogeny. B. Phylogeny – classification of organisms based upon evolutionary trends and genetic changes. (meaning they now use DNA analysis in the Process)

9. IV. Kingdoms A. There are Six Kingdoms: with very distinguishing features, so let’s review them. B.Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

10. 1. Eubacteria a. Unicellular b. Prokaryotic c. Some able to move d. Have a cell wall e. Live in all normal environments.

11. 2. Archaeabacteria a. Unicellular b. Prokaryotic c. Some able to move d. Have a cell wall e. Live in extreme environments f. Examples: volcanic hot springs, brine pools, and black organic mud totally devoid of oxygen.

12. 3. Protista a. single-celled b. Eukaryotic cells-those with membrane bound organelles (including mitochondria and chloroplasts). c. Move by cilia, flagella, or amoeboid motion d. Usually no cell wall e. Heterotrophic and/or autotrophic feeding

13. a. Multi-cellular b. Eukaryotic c. Has a cell wall d. Heterotrophic e. Do not move 4. Fungi

14. a. Multi-cellular b. Eukaryotic c. Has a cell wall d. Autotrophic e. Don't move 5. Plantae

15. a. Multicellular b. Eukaryotic c. Heterotrophic d. Various means of movement 6. Animalia

16. 1. A tool used to classify things 2. Based on visual characteristics or traits. 3. The Process a. The traits of the thing trying to be identity are placed on a list. b. Below each trait is a positive and a negative statement about the trait. V. A Dichotomous Key

17. c. At the end of each statement is either the name of the thing you are trying to identify or the next reference number to go to. d. Continue until you have identified each thing! e. Always start at #1 with each thing. f. Let’s looks at an example.

18. 1AThread shows when button is sewn onGo to 2 1BThread does not show when button is sewnGo to 9 2AButton has holesGo to 3 2BButton has bar in single holeGo to 11 3AButton has 2 holesGo to 4 3BButton has 4 holesGo to 5 4AButton is elliptical around the holesBernie 4BButton is not elliptical around the holesBeBe 5AButton has a rounded raised edge designGo to 7 5BButton does not have a rounded raised edge designGo to 6 6AButton is a solid colorBuster 6BButton is multicoloredBart 7AButton is square with rounded cornersBenny 7BButton is not squareGo to 8 8AButton is a solid colorBarb 8BButton is multicoloredBert Button Family Dichotomous Key