1. Building the Federal Government

2. Focus Question
How did debate over the role of government lead to the formation of political parties?

3. The New Leaders
Washington took his oath as part of the official swearing-in ceremony, or inauguration
Elected 1st President of the United States
One French diplomat who witnessed the inauguration reported in awe “He has the soul, look, and figure of a hero united in him”
While presiding over the 1st Congress, Adams called the senators’ attention to a pressing procedural question: how to address George Washington, the newly elected President
Adams suggested an impressive title such as: “His Highness, the President of the United States, and the Protector of their Liberties”
Some favored “His Elective Majesty” or “His Excellency”

4. Washington’s Government
Established precedents for how to govern
Precedent is an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to follow…” So help me God”

5. The New Leaders
1789, Washington made a precedent by creating the departments of War, State and the Treasury
Called the Cabinet
Washington selected officials to head the major departments of the executive branch

6. The New Leaders Thomas Jefferson – Department of State
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury
Henry Knox – Secretary of War
Edmond Randolph – Attorney General

7. Treasury Secretary Hamilton
Brilliant, dynamic lawyer
Advocated a strong central government

8. Hamilton’s Program Secretary of Treasury
Huge debt after the Revolutionary war
Proposed a plan to help the economy and strengthen the national government
Brilliant lawyer
Elitist with a basic distrust of human nature
Educated
Federalists
Secretary of Treasury
Commercial development to reduce reliance on foreign trade

9. Hamilton’s Program Federal government will assume state debts
Controversial because some states had already paid debt
If Southern States approve then

10. Hamilton’s Program
Federal capital will relocate to Potomac River – stimulate the economy of Virginia
Congress approved the plan

11. Hamilton’s Program U.S. government charter a national bank
Strengthen the federal government

12. Hamilton’s Program
Creditors would look to the nation for payment rather than individual states
The central bank would collect tariffs and repay debt with interest
The national bank served as a depository for government funds, issued a uniform currency of reliable bank notes, and provided capital for investments and industry.  Hamilton's third plan, to encourage manufacturing with a tariff and excise taxes

13. Hamilton’s Opponents James Madison and Thomas Jefferson
Concerned that Hamilton’s policies would hurt the common person

14. Secretary of State Jefferson
Maintained contacts with foreign governments
Collected information about world affairs
Communicated with U.S. officials living overseas

15. Thomas Jefferson - Republican
Objected to interference of the national government in the economy
Assumed the strength of the economy in its agricultural productivity

16. Foreign Policy Issues
Conflict between Britain and France threatened to break apart the new American nation
Federalists oppose the war
Washington and his successors managed to steer a neutral course (until the War of 1812). 

17. Foreign Policy Issues War with French and Britain
US is neutral, or not taking sides
British seized US trading ships and supported Native American in the NW

18. Political Parties Emerge
Hamilton’s economic program continue to grow
The Whiskey Rebellion
Direct tax on whiskey

19. Whiskey Rebellion
“taxation at the source,” meaning the Government collects the tax from the producer, not the consumer.
This concept is still used in the collection of Federal alcohol excise taxes today. Theoretically, the producer will pass the tax burden along to the consumer in the price of the product.

20. Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey was then often used as a form of currency on the cash-strapped frontier.
Made the whiskey tax unfair to the western farmer-distillers

21. Whiskey Rebellion
“Whiskey Rebellion” of 1794 in southwestern Pennsylvania
President Washington, accompanied by Alexander Hamilton, led 12,000 troops to put down the rebellion.

22. Whiskey Rebellion
The successful suppression of the Whisky Rebellion helped establish the power of the Federal Government

23. Jeffersonian Republicans
Federalists and Republicans
First two political parties
Key issue --Power and size of the federal government
Federalists- followed Hamilton’s ideas of strong central government

24. Jeffersonian Republicans
Republicans- favored Jefferson’s idea of strong state governments
limited central government and agrarian economy
No relation to the republican party today,

25. Daily Quiz

26. Who supported the federal government to take on the states’ debts
Alexander Hamilton

27. officials to head the major departments of the executive branch
Cabinet

28. an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to follow
Precedent

29. Who objected to the interference of the national government in the economy
Jeffersonian Republicans

30. Whiskey Rebellion occurred in response to
Hamilton’s debt plan

31. Treaty between the US and Britain aimed at expanding trade between the two countries
Jay’s Treaty

32. Name the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and Republicans

33. Federalists v Jeffersonian Republicans
Create a T-chart outlining the difference in the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans