1. Standard: –3. Identify the basic rights of labor, management –4. Give examples of how these rights must be exercised in a way that advances the common good. –23.Explain the causes and effects of the Age of Revolution including the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, with emphasis on: Scientific and technological changes that promoted industrialization The impact of the growth of population, rural to urban migration, growth of industrial cities, and European immigration The changing role of labor Changes in living and working conditions, especially those of women and children –24.Explore how a region’s history, geography, and economics influences its view of other cultures and events (relate to North and South)

2. The Nation Expands The North

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4joqYycn qMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4joqYycn qM

4. In the beginning of the 1700’s in Europe and the United States –Most people were farmers They made their own cloth on spinning wheels and hand looms –Others made goods by hand Blacksmiths Carpenters Shoemakers A Need for Change

5. In the mid 1700’s –A growth in cities and population and greater trade overseas led to a greater demand for manufactured goods –People began to use machines to make things more efficient

6. The Industrial Revolution New development led to: –A time of growth in the use of machines for manufacturing and production

7. Textile Industry The first important breakthrough took place in the textile industry

8. Richard Awkwright (England) –invented a large spinning machine that: Could produce dozens of cotton threads at once Lowered the cost of cotton cloth Increased the spread of textile production

9. Samuel Slater Memorized the designs of textile machines in England Immigrated to the U.S. with the plans Set up a mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island

10. With Slater’s success other textile mills were built –Mostly in the Northeast Especially in New England –Its many rivers and streams provide reliable power supply –Fewer mills were built in the South Which concentrated on agriculture

11. Technology Most manufacturing was still done by hand Factories needed better tools Eli Whitney Came up with the idea of interchangeable parts The government wanted more muskets for the army –Being made by hand no two were exactly alike

12. It made machines easier to assemble and broken parts easier to replace It sped up mass production –The production of large numbers of identical goods

13. Review –Pg 389 # 1a&b, 2a&b

14. Changing Working Life Workers didn’t need specific skills to run machines Jobs were simple and workers grew tired of the simple work and left There was a need to find another way to fill jobs

15. Two systems dominated the textile industry

16. Rhode Island System Samuel Slater began to hire entire families to work in the mills –Children worked alongside adults

17. Lowell System Francis Cabot Lowell –Employed young, unmarried women from local farms –Constructed boarding houses for the women Workers were given a job, a room, and meals

18. Lowell Mill Girls They were paid $2 - $4 per week –It cost $1.25 for room and board –They worked 12 to 14 hours per day Some girls started working as young as 11 Their lives were carefully controlled The Lowell girls were expected to attend church and demonstrate morals befitting proper society –They were also encouraged to take classes and form clubs

19. Workers Organize Skilled workers formed trade unions –To improve pay and working conditions Sometimes they staged strikes –Courts usually supported companies not union members Ironworkers Union Members Carpenters Union Members

20. Sarah Bagley 1848 - Founded Lowell Female Labor Reform Association It had two goals –Obtain an investigation of working conditions –Obtain a 10- hour working day

21. Reform Achievements Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Pennsylvania passed 10-hour workday laws

22. Review –Pg 395 1a&b, 2a&b, 3a&b

23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5FDMIDc yn0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5FDMIDc yn0

24. The Transportation Revolution Before the main mode of travel was horse and buggy New methods of transportation increased the speed and convenience of travel, and created a boom across the country Increased business reduced shipping time and costs

25. The first two new means of transportation were: Steamboats Steam powered trains

26. Steamboat Era Robert Fulton built the first steamboat, the Clermont The steamboat did not rely on wind It increased trade because travel was quicker and cheaper By 1840 they were used to carry goods and people across the Atlantic

27. Railroads Engineers faced tough challenges in building railroads –Many railroads ran up and down steep mountains, around tight curves, and over swift rivers Over time steam locomotives became heavier, faster, and more powerful

28. By 1860 30,000 miles of track linked most major cities in the east –The economy surged –Railroad companies became some of the most powerful business in the U.S.

29. Transportation Brings Change Effects of railroads Goods and people were transported quicker and more cheaply Borders expanded Population increased It spurred a growth in many industries –It increased demand for steel for rails –It increased the demand for coal

30. Review –Pg 401 #1a&b, 2a, 3a&b, 4a&b

31. Other Technology Samuel F. B Morse –Telegraph and Morse code John Deere –Steel plow Cyrus McCormick –Harvesting machine Isaac Singer –Sewing machine

32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YDNfW20 zr4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YDNfW20 zr4

33. Next up… The South

34. Evaluation End of chapter test