1. PRIVY COUNCIL (royal advisors) – set English policies in colonies GOVERNOR – served as head of a colony’s gov’t ASSEMBLIES – make laws & set policy (based on Parliament’s bicameral legislature) Made of 2 houses

2. TOWN MEETINGS – people met & discussed local issues COURTS – to control local affairs - to protect freedoms (John Peter Zengar – accused of libel, found not guilty)

3. James II becomes King of Eng. Unites colonies under 1 gov’t (Dominion of New England) Appoints Sir Edmund Andrews royal governor Colonists upset

4. James II overthrown by Mary & William Colonists remove Andros as Gov. & form new assemblies

5. ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS: - reduces power of Eng. monarchy - shows change to representative gov’t

6. The Growth of Trade English Trade Laws –Navigation Acts –required colonies to do most of their trading with England. –set duties, or import taxes on some trade products

7. The Growth of Trade Colonial Trade –Illegal Trade –Molasses Act smuggled British officials rarely punished smugglers Trade across the Atlantic –Triangular trade

8. The Growth of Trade The Middle Passage –The Slave Trade –became one version of triangular trade –resulted on millions of Africans being forced to leave Africa –thousands of captives died on the slave ships

9. The Colonial Economy Agriculture –cash crops –labor by slaves—slave codes

10. The Colonial Economy Industry and Trade –harsh climate and rocky soil limited growth of cash crops in New England –shipbuilding –skilled trade-apprentices –fishing

11. The Great Awakening Christian Movement Some congregations split Gilbert Tennent: sermons attacked traditionalists/caused Presbyterian Church to Split Traditionalist (Old Lights) Followers of Great Awakening (New Lights)

12. Effects: improved communication between colonies Increased discussion of political and social issues The Great Awakening