1. The English Colonies continued to grow despite many challenges
3.4 Colonial Life
The English Colonies continued to grow despite many challenges

2. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
Colonial governors
Were assisted by advisory councils
People selected the governor and council in proprietary colonies
King selected governor and council in royal colonies
WAIT!! Which colonies were royal colonies?
Virginia
New York
New Jersey
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
North Carolina
South Carolina

3. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
Elected representatives (like members of Parliament in England)
Made laws
Set policy
Served on assemblies
Passed laws after they have been approved by governor

4. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
Virginia created the first colonial legislature in the year Virginia legislature was a single body that was later split into two houses
One house
Two house
2 groups of people makes the laws
One group of people makes the laws
Ex: House of representatives
Ex: Senate

5. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
Center of politics in New England was the town meeting, which was a regular gathering of townspeople to discuss local issues (like paying for schools)
Southern colonies: too far apart  less town meetings, more county meetings
Middle colonies: town and county meetings
New England colonies: town meetings regular

6. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
King James II comes to power in 1686
He believed he should control all of English government
In 1686, he created Dominion of New England with Sir Edmund Andros as governor
Colonists = angry
I control all!

7. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
Parliament replaced King James II and passed English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers of the monarch.
How did the Bill of Rights change government?
Colonists valued their right to decide on local issues.

8. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
Courts
Used for controlling local affairs
Reflected beliefs of local communities
Protected individual freedoms

9. English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
Why did England want to have control of American colonies?
Mercantilism: system of carefully controlled trade to create and maintain wealth

10. English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
NAVIGATION ACTS ( )
Why? To make more money for England (at colonists’ expense)
Colonists couldn’t trade sugar or cotton with any other country (only England)
Sure, but you can only buy it from me and I am going to charge more than everyone else!
I need to buy cotton to make my dress
King William
Colonist

11. English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
NAVIGATION ACTS ( )
England
liked these acts they made money
Claimed it was good for colonists to have steady market for goods
Colonists
did NOT like acts  unfair
Wanted to trade with whomever because they could get the best price
RESULT = Smuggling (colonists traded illegally)

12. English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
Triangular Trade: System in which goods and slaves were traded between Africa, Britain, and Americas

13. English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
Americans trade sugar (molasses) for people (slaves)
Middle Passage:
Journey from Africa to Americas (up to 3 months)
Conditions = BRUTAL
Lived in small spaces
Slaves died of disease
Hot
Contaminated food and water
Slaves only allowed above deck for an hour per day
Many of them were chained on their backs for 23 hours per day

14. The great Awakening and Enlightenment led to ideas of political equality among many colonists.
Great Awakening: religious movement that swept through colonies in 1730s-1740s
Jonathan Edwards
Massachusetts
Seek forgiveness for your sins or face punishment in hell forever.
George Whitefield
Held revivals from Georgia to New England
Why did people listen? Ideas from other colonies, talking about issues that affected many people
People changed got more involved with political and social issues

15. The great Awakening and Enlightenment led to ideas of political equality among many colonists.
Enlightenment: movement that spread the idea that logic and reason could improve society
Social contract between government and citizens
People have natural rights like equality and liberty (John Locke)
Running government should be logical