3. _____________ HOOKE The first to ____________ cells. Responsible for ____________ them _____________ LEEUWENHOEK SCHLEIDENSCHWANNVIRCHOW Made better ______________ and observed cells in greater ______________. First to observe ______________ The first to note that _____________ were made up of ___________ Concluded that all ___________ ___________ were made up of ___________ Proposed that all cells come from ____________ __________ IDENTIFY NAMING LENSES DETAIL NUCLEUS PLANTS CELLS LIVING THINGS CELLS OTHER CELLS CORKANIMALCULES RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL THEORY

4. 1.___________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________ ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS THE CELL IS THE MOST BASIC UNIT OF LIFE. ALL EXISTING CELLS ARE PRODUCED BY OTHER LIVING CELLS

5. 1 st to see cell walls in cork tissue Discovered the nucleus in plant cells Said plants and animal tissues are composed of cells All organisms are made of cells The cell is the most basic unit of life All existing cells are produced by other living cells

6. MicroscopeFunctionMagnifies up to… ______________ microscope Uses light. __________ ______________ microscope Light cannot pass. _________ ______________ microscope Uses electrons __________ 1000X 40X 500,000X COMPOUND LIGHT STEREO ELECTRON Also known as ______________ scope DISSECTING COMPOUND LIGHTSTEREOSCOPEELECTRON MICROSCOPE

7. LIGHT MICROSCOPE eyepiece Arm Stage Course Adjustment Fine Adjustment Base Diaphragm Light Source Stage Clips Turrett Focus Objective High Power Objective Low Objective Body Tube

8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 14. 6. 7. 8. 9. 12. 11. 10. 13. EYEPIECE BODYTUBE TURRETT LOW POWER OBJECTIVE STAGE DIAPHRAGM LIGHT SOURCE BASE FOCUS OBJECTIVE ARM FINE ADJUSTMENT COURSE ADJUSTMENT STAGE CLIPS HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE

9. The focus objective focuses __________ The low power objective focuses _______ The high power objective focuses _______ Keep in mind, there is also a lens in the EYEPIECE that focuses __________ “ON TOP OF” the magnification of the objective lenses. Therefore, _____________________________would be: _______________ X _________________ Practice: EYEPIECE X OBJECTIVE = TOTAL MAGNIFICATION TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF FOCUS POWER __________ X __________ = ______________ TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF LOW POWER __________ X __________ = ______________ TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF HIGH POWER __________ X __________ = ______________ 4X 10X 40X 10X TOTAL MAGNIFICATION EYEPIECE OBJECTIVE 10440 X 10 X 100 X 10 X40 X400 X

10. Where you place your eye. Contains ______ ______ that usually magnifies ______. Tube that supports the ______ _______ and connects it to the _________________. ONE LENS 10x EYE PIECE TURRETT/NOSE PIECE

11. ______________ that magnify objects to varying __________. FOCUS OBJECTIVE:_______________________ LOW POWER OBJECTIVE:_______________________ HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE:_______________________ Holds the _____________ in place SLIDE LENSES “POWERS” SHORTEST LENS (4X) ONLY USED FOR SCANNING SMALL LENS (10 X) LOW MAGNIFYING POWER LONGEST LENS (40 X) HIGH MAGNIFYING POWER

12. Supports the _____________ Knobs that make adjustments to the ______________ COURSE ADJUSTMENT _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ FINE ADJUSTMENT _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ MICROSCOPE FOCUS MAKES LARGE ADJUSTMENTS USED WITH FOCUS AND LOW POWER OBJECTIVES MAKES SMALL ADJUSTMENTS USED WITH HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE ONLY

13. Directs light up through the ______________ and through the ______________ so that it may be ______________ DIAPHRAGM SPECIMEN VIEWED

14. Supports the __________________ SLIDE/SPECIMEN

15. Also known as the _______________. It is the rotating device that holds the _____________/ (_________). TURRETT OBJECTIVES LENSES

16. An adjustable ________________ under the stage, allowing different __________ of __________ onto the stage. OPENING AMOUNTS LIGHT

17. arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base. base - this supports the microscope. body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece. coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus. diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage. eyepiece - where you place your eye. fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob). high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power. inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles. low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power. mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide. revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses). stage - the platform on which a slide is placed. stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage. ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

18. arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base. base - this supports the microscope. body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece. coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus. diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage. eyepiece - where you place your eye. fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob). high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power. inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles. low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power. mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide. revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses). stage - the platform on which a slide is placed. stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.

20. http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html

21. _______________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The outer most side of an animal cell, that gives the cell shape and holds in cytoplasm. (Also contains pores to allow some particles to move in and out of the cell.) CELL MEMBRANE

22. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ The clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell (Most of all cell activity occurs here.) CYTOPLASM _______________

23. ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________ _______________ The control center of the cell. Parts of the Nucleus: Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nuclear Pores: allow some particles to move in and out of the nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes NUCLEUS

24. _______________ _______________ The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. ________________________________________ NUCLEAR MEMBRANE NUCLEAR PORES Nuclear Membrane in Green

25. __________________________________________ _______________ Thread-like cell parts with information that determines what traits a living thing will have. CHROMOSOMES Nuclear Membrane in Red

26. _______________ HELPS MAKE RIBOSOMES. ________________________________________ NUCLEOLUS

27. __________________________________________________________________________ Responsible for supplying ENERGY to the cell. ____________ MITOCHONDRIA

28. ____________________________________________ Helps digest, (break down), waste materials of cell. ____________ LYSOSOMES

29. ______________ _______________________________________ GOLGI APPARATUS Packages materials for the cell.

30. _______________ ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________ ____________________________________________ Moves cell materials from cell membrane to nuclear membrane and visa versa. (Can usually find ribosomes on this network.) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

31. _______________ MAKES PROTEINS FOR THE BODY. FOUND ON ENDOPLASMICE RETICULUM AND THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM RIBOSOMES _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________

32. ____________________________________________ Parts of an ANIMAL cell that help with cell REPRODUCTION

33. ____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________________ Stores food and water for cell ________ VACUOLE ANIMAL CELLPLANT CELL Contains many small vacuolesContains one large “central vacuole that takes up most of the space inside of a plant cell

34. ______ _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ The outer most side of an plant cell, (surrounds the cell membrane), that gives the cell structure, and a specific shape. (More rigid than cell membrane.) CELL WALL

35. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ The plant cell parts that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which are responsible for producing food. CHLOROPLASTS______________________

36. Label the organelles of this animal cell. 1._________________ 2._________________ 3._________________ 4._________________ 5._________________ 6._________________ 7._________________ 8._________________ 9._________________ 10._________________ 11._________________ 12._________________ 13._________________ 1.NUCLEOLUS 2.NUCLEUS 3.RIBOSOMES 4.VESICLE 5.ROUGH ER 6.GOLGI BODIES 7.CELL MEMBRANE 8.SMOOTH ER 9.MITOCHONDRIA 10.VACUOLE 11.CYTOPLASM 12.LYSOSOME 13.CENTRIOLES

37. 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________

38. 1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4._____________ 5._________ 7.________ 8._____________ 9._____________ 11.___________ 6._________ 10.___________ 12._______ 12.__________

39. 3._________ 2.____________ 1.____________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10.___________ 11.___________12.___________

40. 1._____________ 2._________________ 3.__________ 4.______________ 5.______________ 6.________________ 7._________________

41. 10.____________ 9.____________ 8.____________ 7.____________ 6._____________ 5._____________ 4.____________ 3.____________ 2.____________ 1._____________

42. 1._______________ 3._______________ 4.______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 2._______________

43. 1.__________________ 2.__________________ 3.__________________ 4.__________________ 5.__________________ 6.__________________ 7.__________________ 8.__________________ 9.__________________ 10.__________________ 11.__________________ 12.__________________

44. 1. _________ 2. ____________ 3. _______________ 4. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 8. ______________________ 9._____________________ 11._____________________ 10.___________

45. 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. ________________ 7. _____________ 8. _____________ 9. _____________ 10. _____________ 11. _____________ 12. _____________

46. 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________ 7. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 9. ____________________ 10. ____________ 11. __________

47. 1. ____________________2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________ 7. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 9. ____________________ 10. ____________________

48. ANIMAL CELLPLANT CELL List the cell organelles that are “shared” by both animal and plant cells on the lines in the middle column. List the organelles that are specialized parts in the boxes indicated.

50. Plant Cell Differences from Animal Cell… Cell Wall: Made of cellulose are only found around plant cells. Allows plants to grow to great heights while still allowing the plant to keep it’s shape. Chloroplasts: conduct photosynthesis; absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant. Vacuole: stores food, water, and minerals

51. Cell membrane: controls what moves into and out of the cell Nucleus: regulates ALL cell activity, commands the cell. Chromosomes: In the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA, thread like structures tightly coiled, determines what traits a living thing will have Ribosomes: Cell part where proteins are made. (Proteins- building block to life, a sequence of amino acids) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Appears rough b/c ribosomes are embedded in it’s membrane. RER- transport chemicals between and within the cell Digestive Sac: Destroys worn out parts, gets rid of Mitochondria: are the cell's power producers. They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell. Golgi: packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination Centrioles: All animal cells have 2, they help in reproduction

52. Can you label the following animal cell? Mitochondria Cell membrane Nucleolus Nucleus Digestive Sac Nuclear membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Ribosomes

53. Your Turn! Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell Work Sheet! Activity: Label Animal Cell Worksheet

54. Your Turn! Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell Work Sheet! Activity: Label Plant Cell Worksheet

55. Can you label the following plant cell? SER: packages proteins Amyloplast: Transforms glucose into starch Cytoplasm: Fluid that fills a cell

56. Parts of a city a. Power plantb. Fence around the city with gatesc. Streets d.Wrecking companye. City hall with planning departmentf. Warehouse g. Storage companyh. factories 1.______ Cell Membrane function: _______________________________________ 2.______ Nucleus function: ____________________________________________ 3.______ Endoplasmic Reticulum function: ________________________________ 4.______ Ribosomes function: __________________________________________ 5.______ Golgi Bodies function: _________________________________________ 6.______ Mitochondria function: _________________________________________ 7.______ Lysosomes function: __________________________________________ 8.______ Vacuoles function: ____________________________________________ To get an idea of how a cell works, compare it to a city. Both a city and a cell act as their own environments, with many parts working together. Parts of the cell are like parts of the city. In some ways, cell parts and city parts are alike in the way they work. Try to figure out which parts of the cell are like which parts of the city. First, write the functions of he cells parts listed below. Then, look at the list of parts of a city. Think about how each part of the city works. Finally, next to each cell part, write the letter that goes with the part of the city that has the most similar function

57. Comparing a cell to a town… Cell membrane= compared to a town fence or border- controlling what comes into or out of a town/cell Cell nucleus= the town’s police station- regulating all activity in the town Chromosomes= a town’s blueprints found in the police station, blueprints to the town RER= An airport-transports Digestive Sacs= Trash men- gets rid of wastes Mitochondria= The gym-energy Golgi=Post Office-packages

58. Transport across Cell Membrane’s… The cell membrane has the property of selective permeability- meaning it allows some but not all materials to cross over the membrane into the cell. Passive transport: the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell. Facilitated transport: the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through protein. Active transport: drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

59. A cell may also use energy to move a large substance or a large amount of a substance in vesicles. Transport in vesicles lets substances enter or exit a cell without crossing through the membrane. Endocytosis: taking liquids into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane. The cell membrane makes a pocket around the substance, the pocket breaks off inside the cell and forms a vesicle which then fuses with a lysosome. Lysosome breaks it down and it is released into the cell.

60. Phagocytosis: a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles. Exocytosis: it is the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.

61. Diffusion Diffusion Video Diffusion: Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

62. Osmosis Osmosis video Osmosis: The movement of water across the cell membrane a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. **When there are more water molecules outside the cell, they move into the cell. When there are more water molecules inside the cell, they move out!**

63. Organization Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism Cells from intestine  connective tissue  small intestine  digestive system  human

64. A group if cells makes up a tissue, a group of tissues make up an organ, a group of organs make up an organ system…