1. Monarchs of Europe CHAPTER 10
4/23/2017
CHAPTER 10
Monarchs of Europe
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 4: The English Monarchy
MODERN WORLD

2. Henry IV comes to the French throne
France in the Age of Absolutism
Henry IV comes to the French throne
He converts to Catholicism in 1589 to bring peace and unity to the country.
He issues the “Edict of Nantes” which guarantees freedom of worship and political rights to end the religious war in the country.

3. Murdering the king!
Henry is murdered in 1610 and his son who is only eight, Louis XIII comes to the throne.
Cardinal Richelieu is used as a regent until Louis turned 15.

4. What is a regent?
Regent - political substitute for monarch: somebody who rules on behalf of a monarch who is unable to rule because of youth, illness, or absence

5. Strengthening the Monarchy
Cardinal Richelieu – worked to reduce strength of nobles and to reform the economy
His motives are unknown- possible personal power- also saw it as his job to keep the French monarchy strong and powerful
The Thirty Years’ War – it was a Protestant rebellion against Holy Roman Empire; ended with Treaty of Westphalia in thus hurting the HRE

6. France in the Age of Absolutism
The Sun King
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Luis XIV ruled for 72 years – working to gain absolute power
Believed in the divine right of kings…
Which is what?
In 1685 removed the Edict of Nantes

7. Luis XIV Versailles – expense of palace strained the French economy
Domestic and economic policies – absolute power for king, increased French industry at home and trade abroad, reformed tax system, leading naval power

8. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Wars of Louis XIV
Fighting for new territory – natural borders, other nations fought for a balance of power
War of the Spanish Succession – Treaty of Utrecht provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never be united
Louis XIV’s legacy – France became a leading European power, but caused destruction, loss of life and resources, and loss of territory

9. Treaty of Utrecht: Section 1: Ended the War of Spanish Succession
The treaty recognized Louis’ grandson as king of Spain but it provided that the French and Spanish monarchies could never be united. The treaty also gave French lands to in north America to great Britain.

10. Isolation and a New Dynasty
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Isolation and a New Dynasty
Asian influence
Religious differences
Geographically separated from Europe

11. Ivan the Terrible Died with no heir, Russia in disarray
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Ivan the Terrible
Died with no heir, Russia in disarray
Civil War, and a Polish invasion will soon ensue
MODERN WORLD

12. Openness to the West – or not
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Openness to the West – or not
Romanov Dynasty begins in 1613, when Russian independence is restored – elect Michael Romanov as czar
First three Romanovs work to help Russia “catch up” with Europe:
Organized/modernized trade and commerce
Efforts toward education and chronicling histories
Bringing in European artists
MODERN WORLD

13. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Peter the Great
Peter’s foreign mission – his attempt to form alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, but he learned many Western ways
Westernizing Russia – improved training and weaponry, Western architecture, modernization in society
Main goal was to end the “landlock”

14. Openness to the West 1689-1725 Tsar Peter the Great
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Openness to the West
Tsar Peter the Great
Traveled widely; preference for things Western; contempt for Russian backwardness
“Westernizing”
Modernized army, continued expansion
Table of Ranks - allowed movement in government based upon merit
Built Saint Petersburg
Eliminated the “Terem” - the isolation of women
Encouraged men and women to interact
Taxed men who did not cut their beards
Set up elementary schools in cities, 10 years later open universities
MODERN WORLD

15. SECTION 2 Russia in the Age of Absolutism Russian Isolation Effects
Cultural Causes
Mongol rule
Asian, rather than Western, influence
Contact through Constantinople & Byzantine Empire
Eastern Orthodox, not Roman Catholic or Protestant
Cyrillic alphabet
hindered communication
Effects
Geographic Causes
landlocked; surrounded by powers, vast plains
limited trade, contact
no rivers flowed into seas where trade took place

16. Reform, then Repression
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Reform, then Repression
Catherine the Great (tsarina, czarina)
Initially “open” with reforms . . .
French Revolution, rebellion at home led her to become more oppressive
Read Enlightenment thinkers works
Communicated with Denis Diderot
Passed “reforms” to lessen punishments on serfs
Abolished death penalty
Encouraged
MODERN WORLD

17. Catherine the Great
Catherine the II was Peter’s grandson’s wife aka Peter III.
But Peter III was murdered because people liked his wife too much.

18. Russian Life Orthodox Christianity eventually controlled by Tsar.
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Russian Life
Orthodox Christianity eventually controlled by Tsar.
Most peasants tied to land, Tsars created laws that backed land owners
MODERN WORLD

19. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Catherine the Great
Catherine’s policies – domestic policies were meaningless or harmful to most Russians, but foreign policies won new territory and extended the Russian empire
In total Catherine was able to add more than 200,000 square miles of land to her country.

20. The world map changes
Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Austria in what are called the Partitions of Poland. See page 271
In addition Russia is looking to expand eastward into Siberia and Alaska

21. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Habsburg Austria
The emperor of the HRE Charles IV was dieing and knew it . He didn’t want to die without a son- for he knew it would cause ciaos.
So he urges other leaders to accept the Pragmatic sanction…

22. Pragmatic sanction.. What is it?
Eventually will allow Maria Theresa to inherit all Habsburg lands….
BUT IT CANT BE THIS SIMPLE CAN IT?

23. In 1713 Charles issued the Pragmatic Sanction which guaranteed his daughter the right to succeed to the Austrian throne and inherit his united lands on his death. Charles spent years carefully negotiating with other rulers to remove potential politico-legal objections to a woman inheriting the Habsburg territories, even making strategic concessions of territory. Initially, many Northern European monarchs agreed to the Pragmatic Sanction when it was issued. One of the few not to sign was Frederick the Great of Prussia who, soon after Maria Theresa assumed the throne upon Charles' death on October 20, 1740, began the War of Austrian Succession.
After Emperor Charles VII, who claimed the throne, died in 1745, Maria Theresa obtained the dignity of Holy Roman Emperor for her husband, Francis I. Though she was technically empress consort, Maria Theresa was the de facto ruler of the Empire. Maria Theresa had in fact already begun her rule in 1740 during the Austrian War of Succession.

24. The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
The rise of the fredericks

25. Fred who?
Frederick William = the great elector … he tried to imitate the ways of Lois XIV..
Frederick William I = did not like the ways of his father and wanted to spend money on Prussia rather than looking good. He soon double the size of the army
Frederick William I – sought to make Prussia a great power, efficient system of government

26. Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain
The Seven Years’ War – began in North America as the French and Indian War
The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home

27. Frederick II
The apple fell far from the tree. And the heir want a fan of military or even government affairs… so he tried to run off and escape
Yet Frederick the II – the more famous Frederick the great became a stronger ruler than his father – and soon was expanding the borders of Prussia

28. Showdown Austria vs. Prussia
Frederick II soon went straight after Maria Theresa and ignored the Pragmatic sanction
--which soon started the Austrian was of succession

29. Show Renascence Value PPT Show Henry VII PPT

30. The House of Tudor became the new royal family of England
The English Monarchy
The House of Tudor became the new royal family of England
Henry VIII creates his own church
Mary I married Philip II of Spain
yet Mary is the first ruling queen of England

31. Bloody Mary
Was a devout Catholic & wanted to make England a Catholic country again
Persecuted Protestant clergy especially with the help of her husband Phillip.
Phillip had previously lead the counter reformation against the protestants

32. Bloody Mary
Not only did she persecute protestant but also attacked priests who did not follow the laws of the church.
In the long run she failed because persecutions were too extreme
She would burn these people at the stake when necessary.

33. Mary dies… this is a huge problem!
And her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth becomes queen – leaving Phillip II out in the cold.
Thus Elizabeth looks to make England Protestant again.
But there is a problem…Elizabeth has no children and knows that the heir to throne will be Catholic….
this is a huge problem!

34. The Reign of Elizabeth I
Religion
Mary Tudor
Elizabeth
wanted to restore Catholicism to England;
wanted to strengthen Anglican Church;
burned at the stake
persecuted Catholics and Puritans, fined them
had Protestant dissenters

35. The next heir to the throne…
Mary Queen of Scots (the queen of Scotland) is catholic and is to be queen if Elizabeth were to die without an heir.
This is great for Catholics and bad for protestants.

36. Drama, Drama, Drama…
Mary had to flea Scotland to England because of problems in her own country.
Thus Elizabeth had her arrested and put in jail.
While in jail Mary plots with Phillip II’S ambassadors to kill Elizabeth and to take the throne.
When Elizabeth hears this and then has Mary beheaded.

37. Phillip II responds
Phillip was outraged…he said something like “Oh no she didn’t”
Phillip was mad at England anyway…and anytime you kill a Catholic queen- the heat is on

38. Just Bring It!
In 1588 Phillip unleashes the Spanish Armada on England (130 ships).
The English sent out their entire fleet to battle the “Incredible Armada”
Incredibly because their ships were smaller, the English ships were swifter and their guns could fire faster and thus they broke the formation and sunk several ships.

39. You Sunk my battleship!
Only half of the Armada ever made it back to Spain.
After the defeat of the armada the Spanish were never the same.

40. Problems with the Puritans
The Puritans liked what Henry had done…but they felt he hadn't gone far enough and thus wanted to “purify” the Anglican church even farther from the Catholic church.
Elizabeth felt it was time to once again unite the people of England in one church – the Anglican church.
She felt the best way to do this was to terrorize and tax anyone who wasn’t attending weekly Anglican mass.

41. James time
Elizabeth dies without an heir (common theme in this family)
King James the VI of Scotland now becomes King James I of England. Thus both countries are now united because they have the same monarch.
From the Stuart family not the Tudors

42. Transition
James transition is somewhat easy even though his mother was murdered (Mary Queen of Scots) by the Queen Elizabeth
The reason the transition was easy because he too was a large supporter of the Anglican church.
Creates the king James version of the bible.

43. The English Monarchy James I Section 4:
Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England and Scotland
Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused conflicts with Puritans
King James Version of Bible
Lacked economic, diplomatic skill
Did not fully understand English parliamentary system
Believed in divine right of kings

44. CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 19
4/23/2017
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. How did the government of Louis XIV negatively affect the people of France?
2. How did Elizabeth I try to control religious disunity in England?
How did Peter the Great’s rule affect Russian serfs? 7
MODERN WORLD

45. 1. How did the government of Louis XIV negatively affect the people of France?
2. How did Elizabeth I try to control religious disunity in England?
How did Peter the Great’s rule affect Russian serfs?
1. don’t know
2.terrorization…killed Mary queen of scots
3modernized westernized –worsened their situation bc he gave out service nobility – which meant there had to be more serfs – kept ppl poor