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Monarchs of Europe CHAPTER 19

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1 Monarchs of Europe CHAPTER 19
4/6/2017 CHAPTER 19 Monarchs of Europe Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Section 4: The English Monarchy

2 France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism Objectives: Explain how Henry VI and Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France. Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening the central government. Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war and the results.

3 Strengthening the Monarchy
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism Strengthening the Monarchy Cardinal Richelieu – worked to reduce strength of nobles and to reform the economy The Thirty Years’ War – Protestant rebellion against Holy Roman Empire; ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648

4 France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism The Sun King Versailles – expense of palace strained the French economy Domestic and economic policies – absolute power for king, increased French industry at home and trade abroad, reformed tax system, leading naval power

5 France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism The Wars of Louis XIV Fighting for new territory – natural borders, other nations fought for a balance of power War of the Spanish Succession – Treaty of Utrecht provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never be united Louis XIV’s legacy – France became a leading European power, but caused destruction, loss of life and resources, and loss of territory

6 Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism Objectives: Identify ways Russia was isolated from western Europe. Analyze how Peter the Great used his power to change Russia. Examine how Catherine the Great expanded Russia’s territory.

7 Isolation and a New Dynasty
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism Isolation and a New Dynasty Asian influence Religious differences Geographically separated from Europe

8 Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism Peter the Great Peter’s foreign mission – his attempt to form alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, but he learned many Western ways Westernizing Russia – improved training and weaponry, Western architecture, modernization in society

9 Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism Catherine the Great Catherine’s policies – domestic policies were meaningless or harmful to most Russians, but foreign policies won new territory and extended the Russian empire Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Austria Expansion eastward – Siberia and Alaska

10 Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Objectives: Explain how the Habsburgs gained and held power. Explain how the Hohenzollerns rose to power. Identify the factors that contributed to conflicts between Prussia and Austria.

11 Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Habsburg Austria Maria Theresa – Pragmatic Sanction allowed her to inherit all Habsburg lands

12 The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism The Rise of the Hohenzollerns Frederick William I – sought to make Prussia a great power, efficient system of government Frederick the Great – highly intelligent, expanded territory and prestige

13 Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Conflict Between Prussia and Austria The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain The Seven Years’ War – began in North America as the French and Indian War The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home

14 The English Monarchy Objectives: Section 4:
Describe the rule of Mary Tudor of England. Describe the rule of Elizabeth I. Explain the problems James I faced in ruling England.

15 The English Monarchy The House of Tudor Section 4:
Mary I married Philip II of Spain Persecuted Protestant clergy Failed because persecutions were too extreme “Bloody Mary”

16 The Reign of Elizabeth I
Section 4: The English Monarchy The Reign of Elizabeth I Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots – Mary plotted to kill Elizabeth; Elizabeth had Mary beheaded The Spanish Armada – English ships defeated “Invincible Armada” Religious problems – Puritans wanted to rid church of all Catholic practices; Tudors persecuted non-Anglicans Relations with Parliament – Parliament challenged royal power, but Elizabeth managed them skillfully

17 The English Monarchy James I Section 4:
Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England and Scotland Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused conflicts with Puritans King James Version of Bible Lacked economic, diplomatic skill Did not fully understand English parliamentary system Believed in divine right of kings


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